48 courses with the subject PSYC, each shown exactly as we captured it from the college's catalog, with every element we hold. Where the wording looks broken, that is our reading of the catalog, not the college's text.
PSYC 10001 Gazing into the Black Mirror6
The Netflix series Black Mirror explores in captivating and often chilling fashion how human psychology and behavior can be (and have been) shaped by new technologies. Each episode raises psychological, ethical, and existential questions about the nature and limitations of humanity and our relationship with technology. In this course, we’ll take a journey through the black mirror and seek to answer many of these questions, pairing selected episodes of the series with readings that explore the issues in them. The course will include discussions of social psychology, cognition, transhumanism, social media, and human nature. Students will leave the course with a more nuanced understanding of human psychology and our relationship with technology. Note: The series covers some challenging topics, including psychological abuse, physical abuse, sexual harassment, violence, etc. Offered: Fall 2025 Liberal Arts Requirements: AI/WR1, Argument & Inquiry/WR1 only allowed to register for one A&I course at a time. If a student wishes to change
Student is a member of the First Year First Term class level cohort. Students are
PSYC 110Principles of Psychology
This course surveys major topics in psychology. We consider the approaches different psychologists take to describe and explain behavior. We will consider a broad range of topics, including how animals learn and remember contexts and behaviors, how personality develops and influences functioning, how the nervous system is structured and how it supports mental events, how knowledge of the nervous system may inform an understanding of conditions such as schizophrenia, how people acquire, remember and process information, how psychopathology is diagnosed, explained, and treated, how infants and children develop, and how people behave in groups and think about their social environment. Offered: Fall 2025, Winter 2026, Spring 2026 Credits: 6 Liberal Arts Requirements: SI, Social Inquiry Tags: CL: 100 level PSYC Introductory Faculty: Emma McGorray · Julie Neiworth · Gisel Flores-Montoya · Sarah Meerts · Violet
PSYC 200Measurement and Data Analysis in Psychology6
The course considers the role of measurement and data analysis focused on behavioral sciences. Various forms of measurement and standards for the evaluation of measures are explored. Students learn how to summarize, organize, and evaluate data using a variety of techniques that are applicable to research in psychology and other disciplines. Among the analyses discussed and applied are tests of means, various forms of analysis of variance, correlation and regression, planned and post-hoc comparisons, as well as various non-parametric tests. Research design is also explored. Offered: Fall 2025, Winter 2026, Spring 2026 Liberal Arts Requirements: FSR, Formal or Statistical Reasoning QRE, Quantitative Reasoning score of 4 or better on the Psychology AP exam or received a score of 6 or better on the Psychology IB exam AND CGSC/PSYC 232 AND CGSC/PSYC 233 with a grade of C- or better. Tags: CGSC Core CL: 200 level PSYC Methods SDSC XDept Elective Faculty: Violet Brown · Mija Van Der Wege
Student has completed any of the following course(s): PSYC 110 or received a
Corequisite
PSYC 201: Measurement and Data Analysis Lab
PSYC 201Measurement and Data Analysis Lab2
This lab course accompanies the lecture course, Psychology 200, and must be taken during the same term. The lab will provide an opportunity to explore lecture topics more deeply, and in particular emphasize data collection and computational skills. Offered: Fall 2025, Winter 2026, Spring 2026 Liberal Arts Requirements: QRE, Quantitative Reasoning Tags: CGSC Core PSYC Methods Faculty: Violet Brown · Mija Van Der Wege
With the aging population comes a variety of challenges, including those to cognitive health and decline. Neurodegenerative diseases create various forms of dementia and cause unique problems beyond those that are an outcome of healthy aging. This 200-level course consists of lectures and discussions explore the cognitive, behavioral, and molecular aspects of healthy aging and neurodegenerative disease processes in humans. Cognitive topics include working memory, long term memory, attention, familiarity and recollection, emotion, and social factors that interact with aging. The physiological and cognitive outcomes of neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and various types of dementia are compared with the physiology and cognitive decline evident in healthy aging. Students will read primary articles on these topics, and propose a project based on course discussion and interactions with people at senior centers and convalescent centers in Northfield. It is recommended that students enroll concurrently in PSYC 215. A grade of C- or better must be earned in both PSYC 214 and 215 to earn the LS requirement. Recommend Preparation: PSYC 110. Offered: Fall 2025 Liberal Arts Requirements: WR2 Writing Requirement 2 Tags: ACE Applied CGSC Elective CL: 200 level NEUR Elective PSYC Biological & Behavioral Processes Faculty: Julie Neiworth
Not open to students who have previously taken PSYC 367.
PSYC 215Neuropsychology of Aging Lab Practicum2
This lab practicum allows students registered in either Psychology 214 Neuropsychology of Aging or Sociology/Anthropology 252 Growing Up in an Aging Society to gain experience in studies of aging and physiological measures used in testing cognition. The practicum provides hand-on work; in the lab students learn to collect electrodermal activity (EDA) and electroencephalograms, EEG, on themselves and peers so that there is a deeper understanding of the data collected in published works in aging cohorts. Moreover, there are planned weekly field trips by which students will be able to join in games and social time with elderly clients at the local convalescent centers. Students will express ideas for research or programs for elderly clients by constructing an infographic based on their experiences and readings from class, and there is a public viewing of these infographics. It is recommended that students enroll concurrently in PSYC 214. A grade of C- or better must be earned in both PSYC 214 and 215 to earn the LS requirement. Offered: Fall 2025 Liberal Arts Requirements: LS, Science with Lab course(s): PSYC 214 or SOAN 252 with grade of C- or better. Not open to students who have taken PSYC 368. Tags: ACE Applied PSYC Laboratory NEUR Elective
In this course, students will learn about how hormones act in the brain and the body to affect behaviors. This course draws heavily on biological psychology and students learn about techniques in neuroendocrinology to better understand cellular function, neural circuits, and the display of behaviors. Team-based learning and case studies are used to explore the endocrine system, sexual differentiation, the stress response, thirst and digestion, and reproductive behaviors. The experimental evidence upon which our understanding of hormones, brain, and behavior is constructed is emphasized. Enrollment in Psychology 219 is recommended. A grade of C- or better must be earned in both Psychology 218 and 219 to satisfy the LS requirement. Recommended preparation: PSYC 110 or NEUR 127 or BIOL 125.
PSYC 219Laboratory Research Methods in Hormones, Brain, and Behavior2
The laboratory in Hormones, Brain and Behavior will consider the role of hormones in shaping the brain, the effect of experience on hormone levels, and neuroendocrine factors in the display of hormones. Students will learn common techniques in behavioral neuroendocrinology and will collect and analyze data. Psychology 219 requires current or prior registration in Psychology 218. A grade of C- or better must be earned in both Psychology 218 and 219 to satisfy the LS requirement. Offered: Spring 2026 Liberal Arts Requirements: LS, Science with Lab QRE, Quantitative Reasoning course(s): PSYC 218 with grade of C- or better. Tags: NEUR Elective PSYC Laboratory Faculty: Joel Tripp
Student has completed or is in the process of completing any of the following
PSYC 220Sensation and Perception6
We will address the question of how humans acquire information from the world to support action, learning, belief, choice, and the host of additional mental states that comprise the subject matter of psychology. In other words “How do we get the outside inside?” We will initially consider peripheral anatomical structures (e.g., the eye) and proceed through intermediate levels of sensory coding and transmission to cover the brain regions associated with each of the major senses. Readings will include primary sources and a text. In addition to exams and papers, students will conduct an investigation into an area of personal interest. A grade of C- or better must be earned in both Psychology 220 and 221 to satisfy the LS requirement. Offered: Winter 2026 Liberal Arts Requirements: LS, Science with Lab or better or received a score of 4 or better on the Psychology AP exam or received a score of 6 or better on the Psychology IB exam. Tags: CGSC Elective CL: 200 level NEUR Elective PSYC Cognitive Studies PSYC Core PSYC Biological & Behavioral Processes Faculty: Violet Brown
Student has completed any of the following course(s): PSYC 110 with a grade of C-
PSYC 232Cognitive Processes6
Cross-listed courses CGSC 232/PSYC 232. An introduction to the study of mental activity. Topics include attention, pattern recognition and perception, memory, concept formation, categorization, and cognitive development. Some attention to gender and individual differences in cognition, as well as cultural settings for cognitive activities. A grade of C- or better must be earned in both Psychology/Cognitive Science 232 and 233 to satisfy the LS requirement. Offered: Winter 2026 Liberal Arts Requirements: LS, Science with Lab WR2 Writing Requirement 2 CGSC 130 with grade of C- or better or received a score of 4 or better on the Psychology AP exam or received a score of 6 or better on the Psychology IB exam.
Student has completed any of the following course(s): PSYC 110 or CGSC 100 or
Corequisite
CGSC 233: Laboratory in Cognitive Processes, PSYC 233: Laboratory in
PSYC 233Laboratory in Cognitive Processes2
Cross-listed courses CGSC 233/PSYC 233. Students will participate in the replication and planning of empirical studies, collecting and analyzing data relevant to major cognitive phenomena. A grade of C- or better must be earned in both CGSC/PSYC 232 and 233 to satisfy the LS requirement. Offered: Winter 2026 Liberal Arts Requirements: LS, Science with Lab QRE, Quantitative Reasoning Tags: CGSC Core PSYC Laboratory SDSC XDept Elective Faculty: Kathleen Galotti
Memory is involved in nearly every human activity: We use our memory not only when we reminisce about the past, but when we study for our exams, talk to our friends, and tie our shoes. This course explores the psychological science of human memory. We will examine different types of memory, how we encode new memories and retrieve old ones, how to ensure a memory is never forgotten, and how to implant a false memory in someone else. In doing so we will look at both old and new research, and discuss how memory research can be applied to some real world environments, such as courtrooms and classrooms. By the end of the course you will be familiar with the major issues in the field of memory research and be able to evaluate the quality of the studies used as evidence in these debates. Offered: Fall 2025 Liberal Arts Requirements: SI, Social Inquiry or better or received a score of 4 or better on the Psychology AP exam or received a score of 6 or better on the Psychology IB exam. Tags: CGSC Elective CL: 200 level PSYC Cognitive Studies PSYC Core Faculty: Mija Van Der Wege
Humans are a sexual animal. Not only do we engage in sexual behavior for procreation, but also at times for pleasure, intimacy, affiliation, and profit. Furthermore, we maintain sexual and gender identities that affect our behaviors and help us organize our social worlds. These identities develop over time, through our childhood and adolescence and into adulthood. We also place boundaries on sexuality and gender through norms, laws, and social conventions. Sexuality is at once commonplace and private, ubiquitous yet taboo. In this course, we will explore the many dimensions and paradoxes of human sexuality and its connection to our psychology. We will also consider these topics in the context of real-world phenomena and cross-cultural examples. Offered: Spring 2026 Liberal Arts Requirements: SI, Social Inquiry or better or received a score of 4 or better on the Psychology AP exam or received a score of 6 or better on the Psychology IB exam. Tags: CL: 200 level GWSS Elective PSYC Core PSYC Social Develop Personality
An introduction to the concept of development, examining both theoretical models and empirical evidence. Prenatal through late childhood is covered with some discussion of adolescence when time permits. Topics include the development of personality and identity, social behavior and knowledge, and cognition. In addition, attention is paid to current applications of theory to such topics as: day care, the role of the media, and parenting. Not offered in 2025-26 Liberal Arts Requirements: SI, Social Inquiry WR2 Writing Requirement 2 or better or received a score of 4 or better on the Psychology AP exam or received a score of 6 or better on the Psychology IB exam. Tags: CGSC Elective CL: 200 level PSYC Core EDUC 1 Learning Cognition Development PSYC Social Develop Personality Clinic & Health
Student has completed any of the following course(s): PSYC 110 with a grade of C-
PSYC 251Lifespan Development6
This course explores the concepts, theories, and research on human development as it occurs over the lifespan and across contexts. We will learn about physical, cognitive, and psychosocial developmental milestones and challenges unique to each stage of human development. This exploration “from womb to tomb” includes infancy, early and middle childhood, adolescence, emerging adulthood, adulthood, and old age. Through readings, class discussions, and group and individual activities, students will have the opportunity to apply the concepts we are learning to the world around us. Offered: Spring 2026 Liberal Arts Requirements: SI, Social Inquiry or better or received a score of 4 or better on the Psychology AP exam or received a score of 6 or better on the Psychology IB exam. Tags: CL: 200 level PSYC Core EDUC 1 Learning Cognition Development PSYC Social Develop Personality Clinic & Health Faculty: Emily Hazlett
A laboratory to undertake research on topics in personality. A grade of C- or better must be earned in both Psychology 252 and 253 to satisfy the LS requirement. Offered: Winter 2026 Credits: 2 Liberal Arts Requirements: LS, Science with Lab QRE, Quantitative Reasoning Tags: PSYC Laboratory Faculty: Neil Lutsky
This course will focus on causal factors and clinical presentations of mental disorders, such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, dissociative disorders, and psychotic disorders, among others. We will use an integrative approach that incorporates psychological, biological, interpersonal, and sociocultural perspectives. Methods of assessment and treatment will also at times be discussed. Offered: Winter 2026 Liberal Arts Requirements: SI, Social Inquiry or better or received a score of 4 or better on the Psychology AP exam or received a score of 6 or better on the Psychology IB exam. Tags: CL: 200 level NEUR Elective PSYC Core PSYC Social Develop Personality
PSYC 257Laboratory Research Methods in Social Behavior and Interpersonal Processes2
Students will participate in the planning and replication of empirical studies of the social psychology of social behavior. Requires concurrent registration in Psychology 256. A grade of C- or better must be earned in both Psychology 256 and 257 to satisfy the LS requirement. Not offered in 2025-26 Liberal Arts Requirements: LS, Science with Lab QRE, Quantitative Reasoning Tags: PSYC Laboratory
PSYC 256: Social Behavior and Interpersonal Processes
PSYC 260Health Psychology6
This course will examine how psychological principles can be employed to promote and maintain health, prevent and treat illness, and encourage adherence to disease treatment regimens. Within a biopsychosocial framework, we will analyze behavioral patterns and public policies that influence risk for cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic pain, substance abuse, and sexually transmitted diseases, among other conditions. Additionally, students in groups will critically examine the effects of local policies on health outcomes and propose policy changes supported by theory and research. A grade of C- or better must be earned in both Psychology 260 and 261 to satisfy the LS requirement. Offered: Fall 2025 Liberal Arts Requirements: LS, Science with Lab QRE, Quantitative Reasoning or better or received a score of 4 or better on the Psychology AP exam or received a score of 6 or better on the Psychology IB exam. Tags: ACE Applied CL: 200 level NEUR Elective PPOL Public Health PSYC Core
Student has completed any of the following course(s): PSYC 110 with a grade of C-
PSYC 261Health Psychology Lab
This course provides students with direct experience applying principles of health psychology. Students will engage in a term-long self-directed project aimed at increasing the frequency of a healthy behavior (such as exercising) or decreasing the frequency of an unhealthy behavior (such as smoking). Additionally, we will read and discuss case studies that relate to the current topic in the lecture portion of the course. A grade of C- or better must be earned in both Psychology 260 and 261 to satisfy the LS requirement. Offered: Fall 2025 Credits: 2 Liberal Arts Requirements: LS, Science with Lab QRE, Quantitative Reasoning Tags: PSYC Laboratory Faculty: Gisel Flores-Montoya
What makes two people attracted to one another? Why do some relationships last for decades, and others for just weeks? In what ways do our relationships influence our understanding of who we are? In this course, we will address questions like these by exploring the field of relationship science, a research area that leverages the scientific method to study interpersonal attraction and relationships. The content covered in this course will focus primarily on insights drawn from psychological research on romantic relationships, with particular attention to questions of how people across diverse backgrounds and identities experience their relationships.
Students will replicate existing studies and collect and report on their own empirical data in the field of relationship science. A grade of C- or better must be earned in both PSYC 264 and PSYC 265 to satisfy the LS requirement. Offered: Spring 2026 Liberal Arts Requirements: LS, Science with Lab QRE, Quantitative Reasoning Tags: PSYC Laboratory Faculty: Emma McGorray
This course will explore brain disorders with significant psychological manifestations, such as Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and substance abuse, among others. Students will also receive a foundation in brain anatomy, physiology, and chemistry so that they may better understand the biological correlates of these clinical conditions. Offered: Winter 2026 Liberal Arts Requirements: No Exploration or better or received a score of 4 or better on the Psychology AP exam or received a score of 6 or better on the Psychology IB exam. Tags: CGSC Elective CL: 200 level NEUR Elective PSYC Core PSYC Biological &
Student has completed any of the following course(s): PSYC 110 with a grade of C-
PSYC 294Directed Research in Psychology1
Students work on a research project related to a faculty member's research interests, and directed by that faculty member. Student activities vary according to the field and stage of the project. The long-run goal of these projects normally includes dissemination to a scholarly community beyond Carleton. The faculty member will meet regularly with the student and actively direct the work of the student, who will submit an end-of-term product, typically a paper or presentation. Offered: Fall 2025, Winter 2026, Spring 2026 – 6 Liberal Arts Requirements: No Exploration Tags: CL: Faculty Research
This course provides an introduction to the field of counseling psychology, exploring its fundamental principles and practices. Students will gain a comprehensive understanding of various counseling theories and treatment modalities, including their historical development and practical application. Students will also explore research methodologies utilized in counseling psychology and critically analyze empirical studies to inform evidence-based practice. Additionally, the course addresses professional issues, ethical considerations, and multicultural factors that influence counseling psychology, fostering cultural competence and awareness of diverse populations. Offered: Spring 2026 Credits: 6 Liberal Arts Requirements: SI, Social Inquiry Psychology Social Behavior, Development and Personality group of courses with a grade of C- or better. Tags: CL: 300 level PSYC Upper Level
It should be obvious that every process that goes on in the mind has physiological underpinnings. But, whether we can unlock the secrets of learning, memory, perception, language, decision-making, emotional responding, empathy, morality, social thinking, deception, and manipulation as they are supported by neurons and neural connections is a longstanding and elusive problem in psychology. Contemporary primary source articles are mostly used for this discussion-driven course, but a brief textbook/manual on brain processing is also required. The student should leave the class with a working understanding of brain processes and of contemporary theories of brain processes that may support many mental processes in humans. Offered: Winter 2026 Liberal Arts Requirements: QRE, Quantitative Reasoning SI, Social Inquiry PSYC 216 or NEURO 127 with a grade of C- or better or received a score of 4 or better on the Psychology AP Exam or received a score of 6 or better on the Psychology IB exam or received a score of 5 on the Biology AP exam or received a score of 6 or better on the Biology IB exam. Tags: CGSC Elective CL: 300 level LING Related Field NEUR Elective PSYC Seminar PSYC Upper Level EDUC 1 Learning Cognition Development Faculty: Julie Neiworth
Student has completed any of the following course(s): PSYC 110 or BIOL 125 or
PSYC 370Behavioral Neuroimmunology6
The immune system directly influences the central nervous system and behavior during both health and disease. The course will have an emphasis on animal behavior (e.g., memory and sociability assays) and techniques in neuroimmunology that range from genetic engineering (e.g., CRISPR and DREADD) to immune cell function, detection of surface receptors, and protein expression (e.g., flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, immune cell migration assays, ELISA, and western blot.) The topics that will be covered range from how cytokines influence behavior to effects of gut microbiota in brain function and behavior. This course will primarily use empirical research that will help you develop a deeper understanding of molecular techniques, cell biology, and develop strong analytical skills of biological findings in immunology and its connection with animal behavior. Offered: Winter 2026 Liberal Arts Requirements: No Exploration QRE, Quantitative Reasoning WR2 Writing Requirement 2 grade of C- or better. Tags: CL: 300 level NEUR Elective PSYC Seminar PSYC Upper Level Faculty: Gisel Flores-Montoya
Student has completed any of the following course(s): NEUR 127, PSYC 216 with
PSYC 375Language and Deception6
In this course we will examine deception and persuasion in language use. We will take up three main issues. The first is what it means to deceive and how people deceive others through language. What methods do they use, and how do these methods work? The second issue is why people deceive. What purposes do their deceptions serve in court, in advertising, in bureaucracies, in business transactions, and in everyday face-to-face conversation? The third issue is the ethics of deception. Is it legitimate to deceive others, and if so, when and why? Offered: Spring 2026 Liberal Arts Requirements: QRE, Quantitative Reasoning SI, Social Inquiry CGSC232/PSYC 232 or PSYC 234 or PSYC 238 or CGSC 236 with a grade of C- or better. Tags: CGSC Elective CL: 300 level LING Related Field PSYC Seminar PSYC
This seminar introduces students to major psychological theories and research on the development, perpetuation and reduction of prejudice. A social and historical approach to race, culture, ethnicity and race relations will provide a backdrop for examining psychological theory and research on prejudice formation and reduction. Major areas to be discussed are cognitive social learning, group conflict and contact hypothesis. Psychology 256 or 258 recommended preparation. Offered: Winter 2026 Liberal Arts Requirements: IDS, Intercultural Domestic Studies SI, Social Inquiry or better or received a score of 4 or better on the Psychology AP exam or received a score of 6 or better on the Psychology IB exam. Tags: AFST Social Inquiry CL: 300 level PSYC Seminar PSYC Upper Level AMST Production Consumption of Culture AMST Race Ethnicity Indigeneity EDUC 2 Social Cultural Context Faculty: Sharon Akimoto
Student has completed any of the following course(s): PSYC 110 with a grade of C-
PSYC 386Intervention Science: Using Psychology to Advance Social Good
Many of the most pressing issues facing our world today, including prejudice/discrimination, climate change, health, conflict, and polarization/radicalization, ultimately stem from human behavior. As a science centrally focused on human behavior, psychology is well-poised to contribute meaningfully to developing solutions to these and other issues. In this class, we will review the rapidly expanding literature on intervention science, which involves employing psychological concepts and principles to change real-world outcomes. We will also study relevant behavioral science and motivational theories, as well as examining how findings from the lab can be translated to real-world applications. Students will also complete a final project that will involve conducting their own intervention experiment in the field. Students will leave the class equipped to use their knowledge of behavioral science to effect change in the real world to address the issues they care about. Offered: Fall 2025 Credits: 6 Liberal Arts Requirements: SI, Social Inquiry or better or received a score of 4 or better on the Psychology AP exam or received a score of 6 or better on the Psychology IB exam.
In this seminar, we will examine the psychology of LGBTQ+ people, focusing on topics such as LGBTQ+ identity development; predictors and consequences of anti-LGBTQ+ bias and discrimination; the health and well-being of LGBTQ+ people; and familial and relationship dynamics of LGBTQ+ populations. We will consider psychology's history of—and potential for—both contributing to and dismantling the inequities faced by LGBTQ+ populations. Offered: Winter 2026 Liberal Arts Requirements: IDS, Intercultural Domestic Studies SI, Social Inquiry 110 or GWSS 200 or GWSS 212 with a grade of C- or better or received a score of 4 or better on the Psychology AP exam or received a score of 6 or better on the Psychology IB exam. Tags: CL: 300 level GWSS Elective PSYC Seminar PSYC Upper Level Faculty: Emma McGorray
Student has completed any of the following course(s): Psychology 110 or GWSS
PSYC 394Directed Research in Psychology1
Students work on a research project related to a faculty member's research interests, and directed by that faculty member. Student activities vary according to the field and stage of the project. The long-run goal of these projects normally includes dissemination to a scholarly community beyond Carleton. The faculty member will meet regularly with the student and actively direct the work of the student, who will submit an end-of-term product, typically a paper or presentation. Offered: Fall 2025, Winter 2026, Spring 2026 – 6 Liberal Arts Requirements: No Exploration Tags: CL: Faculty Research PSYC Upper Level Faculty: Sarah Meerts · Gisel Flores-Montoya · Ken Abrams · Emma McGorray
Each of the three capstone seminars focus on a topic of interest to students in psychology. The goals of the course are to consider questions on a selected topic through reading primary research and discussion and review skills pertinent to scholarly investigation within the topic. Students are then mentored through a substantial paper related to the seminar topic. Offered: Fall 2025
Students independently revise and extend the fall term paper, integrating the feedback from their faculty advisor. Based on this work, students submit a final comps paper (approx. 20 pages) that makes original contributions to the field of psychology through critiquing existing psychology primary sources, applying empirically-supported psychological theories to new questions, generating potential applied guidelines, and/or proposing new theories or empirical studies based on published theories and empirical research. Offered: Winter 2026 Grading: S/NC Credits: 3 or better. Faculty: Kathleen Galotti · Neil Lutsky · Ken Abrams · Lawrence Wichlinski · Julie Neiworth Other Courses Pertinent to Psychology These courses are related to Psychology, but are not required to meet a specific academic requirement for Psychology.
