91 courses with the subject BIO, each shown exactly as we captured it from the college's catalog, with every element we hold. Where the wording looks broken, that is our reading of the catalog, not the college's text.
BIO 1101Biological Concepts Laboratory1
Credits: 1 hr This is a one semester laboratory course that may accompany any 1000 level biology lecture course. The laboratory activities will provide a basic overview of life science methods. Examples of activities include but are not limited to the scientific method, metric measurement, light microscopy and blood typing.
Test out of or complete RED 1311 - Reading and Study Skills . Student Learning Outcome: Scientific Literacy Area of Knowledge: Natural Sciences
BIO 1103Biological Inquiry1
Credits: 1 hr This is a seminar course designed for entering freshmen interested in majoring in biology. The students will be introduced to academic concentrations and academic requirements in life sciences. Emphasis will be placed on becoming familiar with library, computer, and other resources at the University. Students will be taught effective ways to manage time, thereby, enabling them to cope with academic stress. Major emphasis will be placed on how biologists ask questions and scientific literature by examining roots, prefixes, and suffixes that form the basis of scientific terminology. Scientific terms used in basic and clinical sciences will be covered.
Credits: 1 hr Biology 1113 is a first-year course emphasizing basic biological principles. Biology 1113 is specifically designed for science majors and honors students and provides an introductory survey of the diversity of life, i.e., prokaryotes, protists, plants, fungi and animals. The structure and function of plants and animals will be covered in more depth. There will be an introduction to ecology and evolution. The course provides the background needed for biology majors as they progress to advanced courses. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation per week.
BIO 1313 - General Biology I Student Learning Outcome: Critical Thinking Area of Knowledge: Natural Sciences Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 1114General Biology II Laboratory1
Credits: 1 hr This course complements the companion lecture by emphasizing basic biological principles, the process of science, using related laboratory activities. It is specifically designed for biology majors and honors students and provides an introductory survey of the diversity of life: prokaryotes, protists, plants, fungi and animals. The structure and function of plants and animals will be covered in more depth. There will be an introduction to ecology and the environment. The course provides the background needed for biology majors as the progress to advanced courses.
BIO 1314 - General Biology II Student Learning Outcome: Critical Thinking Area of Knowledge: Natural Sciences Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 1115Introduction to Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory1
Credits: 1 hr This course complements that campion lecutre and is for students planning to pursue graduate studies in biotechnology and biomedical research. Introduction to Molecular Biology and Biotechnology is designed for students interested in pursuing a career in biomedical research and biotechnology. The lab course focuses on basic knowledge needed for success in the biotech industry laboratory by presenting a balanced coverage of molecular biology techniques (DNA isolation, media preparation using molarity, x-factor concentrations and percentage) and additional contemporary molecular biology applications.
BIO 1315 . Student Learning Outcome: Quantitative Literacy Area of Knowledge: Natural Sciences
BIO 1131General Microbiology Laboratory1
Credits: 1 hr This laboratory course complements the companion lecture and covers the basic techniques of a microbiological laboratory including preparation of media, culturing techniques, staining, microscopy, biochemical test, and identification. This is a one-semester laboratory course to accompany
BIO 1331 - General Microbiology Student Learning Outcome: Scientific Literacy Area of Knowledge: Natural Sciences
BIO 1301Biological Concepts3
Credits: 3 hrs This introductory course covers basic biological principles and mechanisms, such as cells, molecules, evolution, diversity, physiology and genetics. This is a three-credit hour course and may be accompanied by BIO 1101. Please note that this course does not fulfill a prerequisite for
Test out of or complete RED 1311 - Reading and Study Skills Student Learning Outcome: Problem Solving Area of Knowledge: Natural Sciences Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: April 2025
BIO 1302Plants and Civilization3
Credits: 3 hrs This course explores the fascinating ways in which plants have an impact on the quality of human life, from the perspectives of science, history, economics, and sociology. The relationship between plants and people is discussed in terms of how and why plants are used for food, medicines, clothing, and other products. This course is open to all non-science majors. Not normally open to biology or biotechnology majors.
Credits: 3hrs This course describes the ethical foundations of scientific practices and some of the personal and professional issues that researchers encounter in their work. The code of conduct that professional scientists agree to follow will also be discussed along with the consequences of misconduct in science. The collection and presentation of data, authorship, and conducting human and animal research will also be shared through professor and student-led discussions.
Credits: 3hrs This course explores the basic principles of human genetics, including chromosomes, cell division, and Mendelian inheritance. Environmental and social issues such as cancer, cloning, biotechnology and reproductive technology are discussed.
Credits: 3 hrs This course examines the basic priniciples needed to write successful scientific manuscripts and grant proposals. Consideration is also given to the importance of effective writing skills in communicating with the lay public. This course aims to demystify the science writing process and teach the fundamentals of effective scientific writing. Instruction will focus primarily on the process of writing and publishing scientific manuscripts but grant writing and communicating with the lay public will also be addressed. The course will deal with two major themes: (1) teaching students how to write effectively, concisely, and clearly and (2) guiding students through the preparation of an actual scientific manuscript or grant proposal.
A level II writing course and either BIO 1313 - General Biology I , CHE 1313 - General Chemistry I or PHY 1321 - College Physics I Student Learning Outcome: Written Communitcation
BIO 1311Introduction to Biology3
Credits: 3 hrs This course is intended for Health Sciences and related majors. It will cover major biological concepts that are the basis of modern biology and medicine. These concepts include, but are not limited to, the classification of organisms, cell biology, biomolecules, genetics, and other basic processes of life. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation per week. This course is a prerequisite to both BIO 2311 (Anatomy and Physiology I) and BIO 1331 (General Microbiology).
Successfully tests out of or completes RED 1311 . Student Learning Outcome: Scientific Literacy Area of Knowledge: Natural Sciences
BIO 1313General Biology I3
Credits: 3 hrs This course emphasizes basic biological principles, including cell structure, chemistry and function, metabolism and genetics. BIo 1313 is specifically designed for biology and chemistry majors and provides in-depth treatment of molecular and cellular concepts. The course provides the background needed for biology majors as they progress to advanced courses.
Credits: 3 hrs This year course emphasizes basic biological principles and is specifically designed for biology majors and honors students and provides an introductory survey of the diversity separate: prokaryotes, protists, plants, fungi and animals. The structure and function of plants and animals will be covered in more depth along with an introduction to ecology and the environment. The course provides the background needed for biology majors as they progress to advanced courses.
BIO 1114 - General Biology II Laboratory Student Learning Outcome: Problem Solving Area of Knowledge: Natural Sciences Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: April 2025
BIO 1315Introduction to Biotechnology3
Credits: 3 hrs This course provides an introduction that is needed by students planning on pursuing graduate studies in biotechnology and biomedical research. Introduction to Molecular Biology and Biotechnology is designed for students interested in pursuing a career in biomedical research and biotechnology. The lecture course focuses on basic knowledge needed for success in the biotech industry laboratory by presenting a balanced coverage of molecular biology, historical developments and contemporary applications. Cutting-edge technologies and concepts in biotechnology will be discussed, as well as detailed information on agricultural, medical, forensic, and regulatory issues that impact the biotechnology industry.
A grade of “C- ” or better in BIO 1301 - Biological Concepts Student Learning Outcome: Scientific Literacy Area of Knowledge: Natural Sciences
BIO 1320Environmental Biology3
Credits: 3 hrs This course will provide students with an understanding of major environmental issues from a basic science perspective. Basic science topics include ecosystem structure, energy flow, biogeochemical cycles, population growth and regulation and evolution. Environmental issues covered include human population growth, agriculture and food, pest control. Conservation of forests and wildlife, preservation biological diversity, energy use, water and air pollution, ozone depletion and global warming.
Test out of or complete RED 1311 Student Learning Outcome: Problem Solving Area of Knowledge: Natural Sciences Curricular Theme: Sustainability Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: April 2025
BIO 1331General Microbiology3
Credits: 3 hrs This course is designed for health science majors and acquaints students with the fundamental principles that govern microorganisms such as diversity, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular genetics, epidemiology, chemotherapies, and immunology. The culmination of the course is an in-depth personal study of morphology, growth, and significance of a microorganism that may include bacteria, rickettsias, chlamydias, fungi, helminthes, algae, protozoa, and viruses. This course acquaints the student with the fundamental principles governing the diversity, morphology, activities and significance of microorganisms such as bacteria, rickettsias, chlamydias, fungi, algae, protozoa, and viruses. In laboratory work, attention is given to the study, techniques and growth conditions of some of these organisms (For nursing majors).
BIO 1131 - General Microbiology Laboratory Student Learning Outcome: Problem Solving Area of Knowledge: Natural Sciences Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: April 2025
BIO 1335Human Reproduction and Development3
Credits: 3 hrs. This course aims to develop scientific literacy using the exploration of human reproduction and development. Events before and after birth will be covered. Topics include cell structure and function, human reproductive anatomy and physiology, sexually transmitted diseases, reproduction, stages of development, and birth defects. The basic biology of these subjects will be covered, as well as current related issues.
Credits: 3 hrs Disease affects all people. In this course, students will examine basic biological concepts and their relationship with human health and disease. Questions to be addressed include: Why does disease occur? How is disease influenced by lifestyle? How is disease influenced by genetics? Why do some ethnic groups get certain diseases more often than other ethnic groups? Diseases to be discussed include, but are not limited to, sickle cell anemia, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and AIDS. Students will learn how the structure and function of normal molecules, cells, and systems differ from those that are diseased. Additional concepts include the scientific method, natural selection, immunity, and nutrition. Students will explore the concepts of disease using case studies, news articles, assignments, and a required textbook. Evaluation will be based on participation, completed assignments, oral presentations, and exams. This course satisfies the general education requirement for Biology.
Test out of or complete RED 1311 Student Learning Outcome: Scientific Literacy Area of Knowledge: Natural Sciences Curricular Theme: Healthful Living
BIO 2110Zoology Laboratory1
Credits: 1 hr This is a hands-on course of the major animal phyla covering classification, and functional morphology. Topics include life histories, evolution, phylogenetic relationships, symbiosis, ontogeny and behavior. The physical examination of animals in the laboratory serves to integrate these topics.
BIO 2310 - Zoology Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 2111Anatomy and Physiology I Laboratory1
Credits: 1 hr This course complements the companion lecture so that students study the body as a whole by identifying surface landmarks, body cavities, and viscera. Consideration of the relationship between structure and function of individual cell types and tissues precedes the study of the following systems: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and nervous. Students are required to relate the functions of the individual body systems to the functioning of the body as a whole.
A satisfactory score on the Biology Placement Test.
Corequisite
BIO 2311 - Anatomy and Physiology I Student Learning Outcome: Scientific Literacy Area of Knowledge: Natural Sciences Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 2112Anatomy and Physiology II Laboratory1
Credits: 1 hr This course complements the companion lecture so that students learn to describe the anatomical features and physiological roles and mechanisms of action of the following systems: nervous system and special senses, endocrine, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems. Students are required to relate the functions of the individual body systems to the functioning of the body as a whole.
BIO 2312 - Anatomy and Physiology II Student Learning Outcome: Scientific Literacy Area of Knowledge: Natural Sciences Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 2116Botany Laboratory1
Credits: 1 hr This is a hands-on course of the major animal phyla covering classification, functional morphology, life histories, evolution, phylogenetic relationships, symbiosis, ontogeny and behavior. The physical examination of animals in the laboratory serves to integrate these topics.
BIO 2316 - Botany Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 2277Investigation and Research I2
Credits: 2 hrs This course is designed for independent experimental work by the individual student with guidance by a member of the Life Sciences faculty.
C- or better in BIO 1113 - General Biology I Laboratory Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 2304Scientific Investigation of Diseases3
Credits: 3 hrs Scientific Investigation of Diseases is a information literacy course that will equip students with the set of abilities that will allow them to recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information. This course will involve students being presented with hypothetical medical scenarios in which pseudo patients exhibit specific signs and symptoms of an unknown disease or disorder. Students will be presented with hypothetical scenarios in which pseudo-patients exhibit carious symptoms and signs. The students will then be required to utilize various types of informational resources (i.e. scholarly articles, publications, and mass media sources) in an effort to identify the possible diseases or disorders possessed by the patients. In addition to making diagnoses, the students will also access, evaluate, organize and use various forms of information to make recommendations about treatment and prognosis for the patients. Students will demonstrate their understanding of the biology behind various diseases and disorders by presenting the information they have accessed, organized and evaluated in written and/or presentation form. The students will leave this course being able to use not only classroom material provided by the instructor, but also with knowledge that will allow them to use other resources from the broader community and the mass media.
Credits: 3 hrs. This is a survey course of the major animal phyla covering classification, functional morphology, life histories, evolution, phylogenetic relationships, symbiosis, ontogeny and behavior. The ecology of animals serves to integrate these topics.
C- or better in BIO 1314 - General Biology II Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 2311Anatomy and Physiology I3
Credits: 3 hrs In this course, students study the body as a whole by identifying surface landmarks, body cavities, and viscera. Consideration of the relationship between structure and function of individual cell types and the body tissues precedes the study of the following systems: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and nervous.
BIO 2111 - Anatomy and Physiology I Laboratory Student Learning Outcome: Problem Solving Area of Knowledge: Natural Sciences Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: April 2025
BIO 2312Anatomy and Physiology II3
Credits: 3 hrs In this course, students learn to describe the anatomical features and physiological roles of the following systems: special senses, endocrine, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive. Students are required to relate the structure and functions of the individual body systems to the functioning of the body as a whole.
C- or better in BIO 2311 - Anatomy and Physiology I
Corequisite
BIO 2112 - Anatomy and Physiology II Laboratory Student Learning Outcome: Problem Solving Area of Knowledge: Natural Sciences Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: April 2025
BIO 2313Environmental Justice and Sustainability3
Credits: 3 hrs This class will examine critical perspectives on social justice and geography through the lens of struggles for environmental justice and sustainability. This course begins from the premise that all people have the right to live, work, and play in environments free from toxins, pollution, and other hazards. Drawing on Professor Tom Perreault’s generative framing, we will “question why, and through what social, political, and economic processes, some people are denied this basic right.” The objective is to answer this animating question through a rigorous examination of the environment justice (EJ) movement that began in Warren County, North Carolina. Leaders in the EJ movement use an intersectional framework to illustrate how capitalist production, structural racism, and socio-economic class interlock to make low-wealth communities of color more vulnerable to a range of environmental injustices. Sustainability, which seeks to promote development and lifestyles that are “green, profitable, and fair”, has the potential to overcome these challenges. Potentially, resulting in a more just and sustainable future for all. Framed through a transdisciplinary approach, this course employs a range of critical reading strategies to question and unpack how notions of ” the environment,” race, class, justice, place, sustainability, power, and resistance are configured, disputed, and (re)articulated through the prism of the state, civil society, and social movements. Cross-listed as GEO 2313
Credits: 3 hrs This course provides the basic principles needed to understand and appreciate the structure and function of plants, their taxonomy and genetics. Consideration is also given to the role plants play in the scheme of living things, their importance at various levels, and the evolutionary tendencies. This course provides the basic principles needed to understand and appreciate the structure and function of plants, their taxonomy and genetics. Consideration is also given to the role plants play in the scheme of living things, their importance at various levels, and the evolutionary tendencies.
C- or better in BIO 1313 - General Biology I and BIO 1314 - General Biology II Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 3111Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory1
Credits: 1 hr In this course, special attention is placed on the study of the anatomy of the human body and its relationship to physiological function. Students will identify anatomical features and relationships in the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, special senses, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and urinary systems. Information is provided through the liberal use of diagrams, models, laboratory experiments and demonstrations, videos presentations and computer simulations.
Credits: 1 hr This laboratory course is designed to be team-taught by WSSU faculty with expertise in neuroscience-related subjects. It will examine principles of neuroscience ranging from the molecular and cellular to the behavioral and cognitive. Topics covered include brain dissection, voltage- and patch-clamp techniques to record neural action potentials and ionic current, computer simulation of neural circuits, human EEG recordings and cognitive lab exercise.
Credits: 1 hr This laboratory covers the basic techniques for diagnosis and research of protozoans, helminthes, acanthocephalans, copepods and arthropods that infect humans and animals.
Credits: 1 hr This course complements the companion lecture by introducing students to experimental and observational aspects of developmental biology. Students will learn to recognize embryonic structures, conduct experiments with model organisms such as sea urchins and write scientific papers concerning issues in developmental biology.
BIO 3336 - Developmental Biology Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 3137Biomolecules Laboratory1
Credits: 1 hr This course is a bioanalytical course concentrating on the major classes of biological macromolecules. The student will be introduced to a number of technological skills involving spectrophotometric analysis, chromatography, and electrophoresis. These skills will be used to extract, separate, and identify a few of the many carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Completion of this course will prepare students for Biochemistry Laboratory.
BIO 3343 - Histology Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 3147Industrial Microbiology Laboratory1
Credits: 1 hr. The interrelationship of humans and microbes are studied in this laboratory course with relevance to medical, environmental, food and industrial microbiology. Laboratory sessions include: Microscopic Techniques, Bacterial Morphology and Staining, Basic Laboratory and Culture Techniques, Biochemical Activities of Bacteria, and Industrial and Food Microbiology.
Credits: 1 hr Laboratory exercises involve the function of the human body approached through the use of models, CD ROM dissections, computer simulations and physiological experiments. Laboratories also use blood pressure, hearing and reflex tests in teams to convey concepts.
Credits: 1 hr This laboratory course provides practice in methodologies found in a cell biology or biochemistry laboratory environment. Typical projects may include extraction and analysis of proteins, enzyme purification and characterization, pulse-field gel electrophoresis of DNA, densitometric analysis of gels, ELISA analysis and fluorescence microscopy of cellular components.
BIO 3366 - Genetics Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 3171Ecology and Evolution Laboratory1
Credits: 1 hr Ecology and Evolution Lab is a course designed to give students hands-on experiences with the concepts discussed in Ecology and Evolution lecture class. The course focuses on the fundamental ways in which populations of organisms change, grow, and interact with their environment. These interactions are explored at the level of individuals and populations, over both short and long time scales. The emphasis is on understanding the underlying mechanisms that shape population- and community-level processes from a mathematical perspective. Computational tools will be used heavily to model population and community processes.
BIO 3366 and MAT 2417 with a grade of “C-” or better, or permission of instructor.
Corequisite
BIO 3371 (Ecology and Evolution)
BIO 3201Tissue Culture2
Credits: 2 hrs This laboratory course is designed to provide students the basic skills needed to function at an above-entry level in an animal cell tissue culture laboratory. The preparation of required tissue culture media and solutions are reviewed. Bench training in maintaining animal cells in culture is emphasized. The theories of preparing B cell hybridomas as well as the techniques used to test for monoclonal antibody production are covered.
C- or better in CHE 1313 - General Chemistry I and CHE 1314 - General Chemistry II Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 3225Neuroscience Seminar2
Credits: 2 hrs. This is a seminar course involving consideration of current neuroscience topics including important and relevant diseases such as epilepsy, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases and drug addiction. Presentations of current research by WSSU faculty conducting research in neuroscience related topics. Select faculty from Wake Forest University (Reynolda Campus and School of Medicine) will also participate in teaching this course. Readings from the primary literature accompany the presentations followed by discussion.
Credits: 2 hrs. The morphology and physiology of selected microorganisms are considered in detail. Their beneficial and detrimental effects are studied. Immune mechanisms through which animals protect themselves from specific organisms are introduced
C- or better in BIO 1313 - General Biology I and BIO 1314 - General Biology II
Corequisite
BIO 3232 - Microbiology Laboratory Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 3232Microbiology Laboratory2
Credits: 2 hrs This is a one-semester laboratory course to accompany BIO 3231 covering methodology of microbiology: microscopy, staining, aseptic technique, culture media, quantification, and laboratory safety. The course is also designed to examine current research topics in microbiology for the development of scientific literacy.
BIO 3231 - Microbiology Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 3249Seminar in Microbiology2
Credits: 2 hrs The student is introduced to the scientific literature, the biomedical library and the critical analyses of journal articles in the field of microbiology. Emphase is placed on oral presentation and discussion.
A grade of “C-” or better in either BIO 3231 or BIO 3347
BIO 3277Investigation and Research II2
Credits: 2 hr This course is designed for independent experimental work by the individual student with guidance by a member of the Life Sciences faculty.
C- or better in BIO 2277 - Investigation and Research I Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 3305Topics in Bioinformatics3
Credits: 3 hrs This course looks at current research topics and recent results in bioinformatics and computational biology. The course will provide a working knowledge of various computer-based tools for analyzing the structure, function, and sequence of biological molecules. A computer laboratory will be used to achieve the three-dimensional structures revealed by the protein associated with the relevant DNA sequence.
Any lower level Biology course ( BIO 1301 , BIO 1311 , BIO 1315 , BIO 1320 , BIO 1320 , BIO 1340 , BIO 2311 ) and MAT 1312 or MAT 1313
BIO 3310Biology of Aging3
Credits: 3 hrs This course covers biological changes and adjustments occurring over time as part of the aging process, with an emphasis on diseases commonly associated with aging. Students will become familiar with the current research literature in aging by relating published research articles with the course content. Grading will be based on student-led instruction, participation, short writing assignments, quizzes over assigned readings, and examinations.
Either 1) a grade of “C-” or better BIO 2301 or 2) a grade of “C-” or better in GER 2401 and either BIO 1301 - Biological Concepts or BIO 1340 - Human Biology and Disease .
BIO 3311Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology3
Credits: 3 hrs. In this course, students undertake in depth study of the functional and structural relationships of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and urinary systems. Students are provided with a clear understanding of normal relationships between structure and function of cell types, tissues and body fluids, and organs and organ systems as a foundation for recognizing structural and functional changes that result in abnormalities in processes of the human body. Information is provided through the liberal use of diagrams, models, organ dissections, laboratory experiments and demonstrations, videos presentations and computer simulations.
Either 1) a grade of “C-” or better in BIO 1315 or 2) a grade of “C-” or better in BIO 2110 and BIO 2310
BIO 3315Fundamentals of Neuroscience Lecture3
Credits: 3 hrs This course is designed to be a team-taught by WSSU faculty with expertise in neuroscience-related subjects. Topics covered include neurophysiology, sensory biology, motor mechanisms, neuropharmacology, cognitive neuroscience, perception, neural networks and the philosophy of mind.
BIO 1315 - Introduction to Biotechnology with a grade of “C-” or better
BIO 3326Parasitology3
Credits: 3 hrs. This is a course in which the basic principles of parasitism are covered. A survey of parasites in regard to epidemelogy, life cycle, disease manifestation, treatment, and transmission are covered.
Credits: 3 hrs This laboratory course provides detailed instructions on the performance of many methods and techniques used in traditional biotechnology industries. Acceptable laboratory practices are discussed. Biochemical and recombinant DNA technologies are emphasized.
A grade of “C-” or better in BIO 1301 or BIO 1302 , CHE 1114 , and CHE 1314 and either BIO 3147 and BIO 3347 or BIO 3231 and BIO 3232
BIO 3335Molecular Biology and Biotechniques II3
Credits: 3 hrs. This course provides the depth of coverage that is needed by students planning on pursuing graduate studies in biotechnology and biomedical research. This course focuses on development of biotechnological skills pertinent in biotechnology and biomedical research. This course will prepare students (using “hands-on” techniques) to perform independent research projects during summer internships, research internship courses, and independent study with a faculty/principal investigator. This laboratory course provides detailed instruction on the performance of many methods and techniques used in traditional biotechnology industries. Acceptable laboratory practices are discussed. Gene expression using PCR, Northern, and Western blot analysis and protein isolation (His-Tag column purification) and analysis (PAGE) are emphasized.
Credits: 3 hrs This course examines the morphological, molecular and evolutionary aspects of animal development from a comparative perspective. Topics include gametogenesis, fertilization, morphogenesis, pattern formation, cell-cell signals, induction and regulation of gene expression and evolutionary embryology. Current topics such as stem cells and cloning will also be explored.
C- or better in BIO 1313 - General Biology I and BIO 1314 - General Biology II Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 3337Biomolecules3
Credits: 3 hrs. This course is a bioanalytical course concentrating on the major classes of biological macromolecules. It will integrate concepts from chemistry and math with biology. The course will look at the significance of the carbon atom and its role in forming the major building block of these biomolecules. The student will become familiar with functional groups on organic molecules which form the amino acid, sugar, fatty acid, and nucleotide monomeric units which, in turn, are responsible for forming the essential macromolecules responsible for the structure and function of living organisms. The bioorganic and biophysical aspects involving the interactions of biomolecules will be covered to explain their role in maintaining homeostasis of an organism. Completion of this course will prepare students for Biochemistry.
C- or better in BIO 1313 -General Biology I , BIO 1314-General Biology II , and CHE 1314 - General Chemistry II Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 3342Introduction to Molecular Biology3
Credits: 3 hrs. This course emphasizes the relationships among DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis and protein synthesis. Information transfer in prokaryotic and eukaryotic will be discussed.
C- or better in BIO 1313 - General Biology I and CHE 1314 - General Chemistry II Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 3343Histology3
Credits: 3 hrs This course is designed to introduce the student to fundamental structures of animal tissues.
C- or better in BIO 2311 - Anatomy and Physiology I Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 3347Industrial Microbiology3
Credits: 3 hrs. The course will investigate the use of microorganisms for industrial applications. This course covers the study of microorganisms in natural and industrial environments, including specialized techniques for sampling, culture, isolation and identification. Students will study the application of fundamental principles of microbiology to industrial fermentations and processing, food manufacture and preservation and environmental quality.
A grade of “C-” or better in BIO 2301 and either BIO 1315 or BIO 2302.
BIO 3352Biotechnology Regulations, Law and Ethics3
Credits: 3 hrs This course will provide an overview of the related rules by the Food and Drug Administration, the Department of Agriculture, and the Environmental Protection Agency, all of which are related in part to safe practices in connection with the use or manufacture of biological, industrial, or pharmaceutical products. Intellectual Property rights will be taught in reference to novel methods and mechanical means. Additionally, this course will discuss ethical considerations associated with the actual employment of biological modifications in categories where society may or may not be willing to accept, commencing with steps taken by scientists to get away from animal based insulin to biotechnology created insulin from human organisms in the early 1970s by recombinant DNA. In this regard, students will be taught the concept of acceptable levels of risk, and how it can play a role in such decisions.
BIO 2301 and BIO 1315 with a grade of “C-” or better.
BIO 3353Plant Genetic Engineering3
Credits: 3 hrs This is the study of the processes that involve the application of scientific knowledge to transfer beneficial traits from one species to another in order to achieve an advance in the function, size, or protective characteristics of an organism that is the subject of the bioprocess. Through the use of transgenics, a single gene with a very specific function is transferred into a plant to achieve a very specific behavior or result. Through this methodology, one can isolate a specific pest, create growth in a vegetable that has a tendency to harvest at a smaller size, or alter a quality of the crop so as to ward off an infectious disease. Students will be taught to follow the steps necessary to achieve a result with a particular plant. A brief discussion of the Animal and plant Health Inspection Service under the Department of Agriculture that regulates the movement, importation, and field-testing of a genetically engineered plant will be included.
BIO 2301 and BIO 1315 with a grade of “C-” or better.
BIO 3361Human Physiology3
Credits: 3 hrs. This course reviews the basic principles of mammalian physiology, including the function and regulation of complex organ systems. Emphases will be placed on normal bodily functions and the characteristic interactions of drugs as tools to diagnose and to define physiological mechanisms and functions. The course will also consider deviations from normal (pathophysiology), where such discussions serve to clarify the basic principles. This will provide a link between the basic sciences and the clinical approach to the study of disease.
Credits: 3 hrs This course examines the structure-function relationships of sub-cellular organelles found within the cell and will enable students to develop an understanding of the biology of cells at the interface of three distinct disciplines. These major disciplines, Cytology, Biochemistry and Genetics, have intertwined together to evolve in an interesting course that provides insights into the world of a cell that is complex in its structure and function. In this course, students will learn how small molecules polymerize to make macromolecules that form distinct cellular structures and perform a variety of functions within the cell. Students will also learn how these structures known as cell organelles provide an environment in which genetic information is secured and flows from parent to progeny cells whenever required. They will learn organization of cytoskeleton and how it helps the movement of cellular cargo within the cell. Students will also learn signal transduction and transmission of nerve impulses and molecular events leading to impulse transmission and muscle contraction. This course will also cover how some of the common macromolecules move in and out of a particular compartment of a cell and perform various functions required for the survival and health of a cell.
C- or better in BIO 3366 - Genetics Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 3366Genetics3
Credits: 3 hrs. This course examines basic concepts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genetics. Mechanisms underlying organization, transmission, expression and variation of genetic material are presented on selected topics. Mendelian inheritance, linkage, mapping and mutation are discussed. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation per week.
C- or better in BIO 1313 - General Biology I and BIO 1314 - General Biology II Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 3371Ecology and Evolution3
Credits: 3 hrs. Ecology and Evolution is a mathematically intensive course that examines the fundamental ways in which populations of organisms change, grow, and interact with their environment. These interactions are explored at the level of individuals and populations, over both short and long time scales. The emphasis is on understanding the underlying mechanisms that shape population- and community-level processes from a mathematical perspective
C- in BIO 1314 -General Biology II Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 3647Research in Microbiology6
Credits: 6 hrs Under the supervision of the instructor, the student conducts research in an area of microbiology or a basic medical science that is supportive of microbiology. Student independence is sought in both the planning and conduct of the research project. Recommended for life science majors.
12 hrs in biology and permission of the instructor.
BIO 4105Integrative Metabolism Laboratory1
Credits: 1 hr. This laboratory-based course will focus on measurement of metabolic parameters. Students will design experiments, construct and test hypotheses and report their observations. Procedures will include staining, photometric measurements, extraction and other approaches to measure variables such as glycogen and lipids from organisms and tissues.
Credits: 1 hr. Laboratory exercises will focus on methods for identifying, quantifying and assessing functional activities of immune cells and molecules. Students will gain experience using experimental animal cell culture techniques.
Credits: 1 hr. Covers experimental methods for studying plant physiological processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, mineral nutrition, transpiration and tissue-water relations.
Credits: 1 hr. This course deals with the application of basic molecular biology techniques and protocols to study and manipulate DNA molecules. The course emphasis is on restriction analysis and mapping of DNA, construction and screening of recombinant plasmids and transformation of bacteria with plasmids, through organized laboratory activities. Each student is expected to actively and consistently take part in all laboratories.
Credits: 1 hr. This is a general survey of biochemistry where students will learn fundamental approaches to investigating biochemical problems utilizing laboratory techniques. Students will also learn the theory related to these methods and their application to research. The laboratory experience is designed to complement the theories and practices of biochemistry and teach students how to identify isolate, purify, characterize and manipulate biomolecules.
CHE 3127 and CHE 3327 and (BIO 2303 or BIO 2310), and (BIO 3335 or BIO 3337) with a grade of C or better or permission of instructor.
Corequisite
BIO 4376.
BIO 4276Senior Seminar2
Credits: 2 hrs This course entails two closely related subjects. The first involves a survey of scientific literary trends in modern research and investigation. A written report and an oral presentation are required by the student. The second involves ethics in science using a case study approach. It is important as a scientist that research be conducted with the highest degree of integrity and the student is responsible for learning these best practices. Recommended for biology majors.
at least 90 credit hours Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 4277Investigation and Research III2
Credits: 2 hrs This course is designed for independent experimental work by the individual student with guidance by a member of the Life Sciences faculty.
A grade of “C-” or better in BIO 2301 and BIO 2302.
BIO 4282Mycology and Plant Physiology Laboratory2
Credits: 2hrs. This course gives students the opportunity for hands-on experiences with diseases of plants. The climate and botanical diversity of the Piedmont region of North Carolina typically provide us with an excellent assortment of unhealthy plants to examine in class.
Credits: 3 hrs. The contextual focus of the course will be the complex relationships governing metabolism on a whole-animal level, with a focus on the integration of molecular, cellular and organ-level regulation. General topics include relationshps between hormones and metabolism, cellular nutrient sensing and signaling, relationships between transcription and metabolism, metabolic measurements and meabolic disorders. Students will learn by engaging the material through published research.
C- or better in BIO 1313 - General Biology I and BIO 1314 - General Biology II Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 4308Virology3
Credits: 3 hrs. A comprehensive course covering the involvement of eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses in disease and biomedical research processes and including: classification of viruses, differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses, viral cultivation, viral life cycles and viral vectors.
C- or better in BIO 3337 - Biomolecules or BIO 4376 - Biochemistry Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 4310Cancer Biology3
Credits: 3 hrs This is an exciting elective course emphasizing the important and current concepts in cancer biology and cancer genetics. It will educate students on various genetic and molecular changes normal cells undergo during transformation into malignant cancer cells. These modifications include unregulated cell proliferation, evasion of cell death and metastasis. This course will describe the factors that contribute to cancer development and discuss cancer prevention and currently available therapeutics.
C- or better in BIO 1313 - General Biology I and BIO 1314 - General Biology II Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 4323Immunology3
Credits: 3 hrs. Functions of the immune system are defined in this senior-level course. The cells, tissues and organs that perform these functions are identified. The mechanisms through which the immune system performs its functions are considered.
C- or better in BIO 3231 - Microbiology and BIO 3232 - Microbiology Laboratory Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 4346Plant Physiology3
Credits: 3 hrs. The relationship between plant structure and various physiological processes is studied. The processes of absorption, nutrition, respiration, growth and reproduction are explained in terms of chemistry and physics.
Credits: 3 hrs. This course covers the latest concepts in molecular biology which entail (i) the transfer and expression of genetic data via transcription and translation, (ii) gene interactions, (iii) molecular mutagens, (iv) applications of recombinant DNA technology and (v) molecular evolution. Any bioethical concerns related to each concept will be discussed. The course emphasis is on the molecular level of gene structure and function, gene replication and repair and the regulation and expression of genetic information. The molecular biology of eukaryotic cells and, to a lesser degree, prokaryotic cells will be investigated. Biotechnology majors must also take the accompanying laboratory (BIO 4147).
Grade of C or better in BIO 3366 and, either BIO 4376 or CHE 3346
BIO 4352Introduction to Medical Physiology & Pharmacology I3
Credits: 3 hrs This course studies physiology, pharmacology, and disease processes in an integrated format, and provides the scientific basis for understanding of health and diseases at the molecular level. Emphasis is placed on normal bodily functions and the characteristic interactions of a drug and the body in terms of its absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. The content of this course will consider deviations from normal (pathophysiology), where such discussions serve to clarify the basic principles. It will provide necessary linkage between the basic sciences and the clinical approach to disease processes.
A grade of “C-” or better in BIO 3337 or BIO 4376 or CHE 3346 . Periods Per week: (Three one-hour lectures per week.)
BIO 4356Economic Botany3
Credits: 3 hrs This course is designed to portray botany in the service of humanity as a basis for the supply of food, shelter, clothing, medicine, and many other basic needs. There will also be studies concerned with the improvement, multiplication and culture of useful plants.
A grade of “C-” or better in BIO 2316 Periods Per week: (Two one-hour lectures and one two-hour laboratory period per week.)
BIO 4373Toxicology3
Credits: 3 hrs This course describes those substances and agents that behave like toxins when they engage a living organism, and what steps, processes, and methods can be employed to minimize the effect of such substances once they come in contact with animal or human life.
Credits: 3 hrs This course provides a working knowledge of various computer-based tools available for predicting the structure and function of proteins that graphically manifest as three-dimensional folds. A computer laboratory will be used to complement lectures so that students can view and manipulate three-dimensional structures by employing the protein sequences associated with relevant DNA sequences.
A grade of “C-” or better in BIO 3366 or BIO 3337 or BIO 4376 or CHE 3346
BIO 4375Management of Biotechnology Enterprise3
Credits: 3 hrs This course will focus on explaining the steps that may be followed in the creation of an enterprise. At the outset, biotechnology companies are driven by techniques and information that relates to how to achieve a result at a molecular level. Students are taught to understand rules about running a successful research project, how to maintain trade secret status over the subject matter, how to decide on the use of intellectual property rights in the form of patents, trade secrets and trademarks and what the consequences are of each choice. Participants will learn about ways in which venture capital is raised and what one has to reveal to investors to achieve to raise it properly. Then students are advised of the kinds of circumstances that should be considered in planning the marketing, advertising and distribution of the property or methodology in light of the solution involved. From an internal point of view, students are taught the basic concepts of leadership, negotiation, organization behavior, management by objectives, and financial planning.
Credits: 3 hrs. This is a general survey of the chemistry of biological systems. It includes the study of water, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, metabolism, and energy flow. The structure and function of the aforementioned molecules will be emphasized. Since biochemistry is the field of science that investigates the chemical and molecular reactions that sustain life, one goal of this course is to study these reactions. This includes bioenergetics, mechanisms, and regulation.
C- or better in CHE 2326 - Organic Chemistry I Latest Update(s) Approved by Academic Standards and Curriculum: September 2021
BIO 4406Research/Internship in Biosciences or Biotechnology4-6
Credits: 4-6 hrs The purpose of this course is to provide the student with a closely supervised laboratory experience at a University, government agency or bioscience/biotechnology company. Time requirements will be determined by credit hours, with a minimum of 2 hours per credit per week during an academic year semester or four to six weeks full-time during the summer. Students must make arrangements with the course instructor at least six weeks before the semester is to begin.
Completion of at least 8 SH of biology courses at the 3000-4000 level and permission of the Life Sciences chair (and major department chair for students minoring in Biotechnology).
BIO 4467Molecular Biology I4
Credits: 4 hrs This course deals with the application of basic molecular biology techniques and protocols to study and manipulate DNA molecules. The course emphases on restriction analysis and mapping of DNA, construction and screening of recombinant plasmids, transformation of bacteria with plasmids, and mini-prep of plasmids through organized laboratory activities and lectures. Each student is expected to actively and consistently take part in all laboratories.
A grade of “C-” or better in BIO 3337 or BIO 4376 or CHE 3346.
BIO 4468Molecular Biology II4
Credits: 4 hrs This course covers laboratory methodologies of recombinant DNA technology, the theoretical basis for the analysis of protein, RNA and recombinant DNA molecules, and interpretation of results. Recombinant DNA methods include gene cloning, polymerase chain reaction, chemical and electro-transformation procedures, immuno-detection of specific proteins, identification of specific messenger RNA by RT-PCR, specific DNA sequence by Southern blotting miniprep of plasmids, and DNA sequencing.
