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SUNY at Fredonia · Courses

BIOL

135 courses with the subject BIOL, each shown exactly as we captured it from the college's catalog, with every element we hold. Where the wording looks broken, that is our reading of the catalog, not the college's text.

BIOL 100Studying for Success-Biology1

The 1-credit course is designed to provide science students with time-management and study skills as they make the transition to the college level learning environment. Properly implemented, the methods will provide freshmen with the opportunity to succeed and potentially excel in college science courses. Many of the skills will likely be applicable to other courses. The strategies introduced include: time-management, daily and weekly study plans, methods of reading text, how to effectively study for a test, and test taking strategies. Students will also be int

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 105Freshman Seminar on Sexual Concerns1

Introductory course intended exclusively for freshmen of all majors. The course will include an overview of basic biological concepts related to human sexuality. Major topics of presentation will include information about the male and female reproductive systems, microbiology, immunology, pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and a variety of approaches to protect against disease and unwanted pregnancy. Offered: Every year.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 109Biology, Health, and Medicine3

The course will provide an introduction to biology as the cellular level with an emphasis on human biology. Students will learn the molecular basis of vaccines and pharmaceutical drugs. To understand vaccines and drugs, students will first learn basic principles of cell biology, biochemistry, genetics, microbiology, and immunology. The course will also incorporate discussions on ethical issues relating to medicine.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 110Human Biology3

Overview of biological aspects of human nature. Survey of basic human physiology, reproduction, and development. Introduction to genetics and the record of human evolution provides starting point for discussion of adaptive significance of human intelligence and social organization.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 111Foundations of Biology3

Introductory course for non-science majors only. Intended to develop an understanding of the operation of biological systems and an acquaintance with basic biological concepts and principles.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 115Environmental Biology3

Study of basic relationships between the environment and humans. Discussion of constraints and relationships in nature from points of view of the physical and life sciences and investigation of how people make decisions to utilize the environment as a resource from the viewpoint of the social sciences. Attempts to link natural and social sciences for awareness of multifaceted nature of environmental problems.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 131Introductory Ecology and Evolution3

The course will introduce first semester life science majors to the main themes used to study biology. Three main themes that extend throughout the curriculum include a detailed investigation of the scientific method, evolutionary theory, the concepts of ecology and the diversity of life.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 132Introductory Ecology and Evolution Laboratory1

Introductory Ecology and Evolution Laboratory is designed to complement the Introductory Ecology and Evolution lecture course. The lab exercises are designed to expose students to the main themes that are discussed in the lecture portion of the course: the scientific method, ecology, evolution and the diversity of life.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 133Introductory Cell and Molecular Biology3

The course will provide an introduction to cell and molecular biology. The material in this course should complement the topics covered in BIOL 131 . The course is also designed to prepare students for Genetics, Biochemistry, and other upper-level biology courses. Students are expected to learn the basic concepts of cellular chemistry, types of cells, cell division, and the central dogma of molecular biology.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 134Introductory Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory1

This course provides students with an introduction into the ways that scientists study questions in cell and molecular biology. This laboratory is designed to complement BIOL 133 and it is recommended that students take the lecture course.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 150Special Topics1-3

Examination of selected areas of general biology for interested lower division major or non-major. Emphasis on developing basic background in such areas as botany, zoology, and the relationships between these fields and human society. Examples of courses offered include Field Natural History and Fungal Pathogens. Course may not be used as Biology major elective. Topics are determined by student interests.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 220Principles of Human Nutrition3

This course will cover the principles of biological science involving the interactions between macro- and micronutrients and human physiological processes. A special emphasis will be placed on how nutrition can have an impact on human health and disease. Topics discussed will come from the disciplines of biochemistry, human physiology, medicine and exercise physiology.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 222Introduction to Tropical Biology2

We will explore the complex biology of the worlds’ tropics and the critical environmental problems. We will also examine the history of Costa Rica and how the environment, natural history, culture, history and politics have shaped the country. This course is co-requisite with BIOL 223, in which you will spend 2 weeks in Costa Rica. Offered: Every other year.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
2
Credits (max)
2
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 223Introduction to Tropical Biology1

Study Abroad Costa Rica

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 237Genetics3

The principles of genetic analysis and the nature of the gene. The course will cover Mendelian and molecular genetics. Key concepts covered will include the chromosomal and molecular basis of inheritance and replication, mutation and expression of genetic information.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 238Genetics Laboratory1

Exercises will focus on the analysis of the inheritance of genes. DNA isolation and manipulation experiments will be performed. Students will perform experiments in classical and molecular genetics.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 243Organismal Biology3

The goal of the course is to develop an expanded knowledge of organismal biology. Coverage will include evolution, population genetics, and taxonomy. The course will also take a comparative approach examining anatomical and physiological adaptations of organisms in Domain Eukarya.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 244Organismal Biology Laboratory1

The laboratory course provides expanded knowledge of hypothesis testing, evolution, taxonomy, and phylogeny construction. The course will also take a comparative approach examining anatomical and physiological adaptations of organisms in Domain Eukarya.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 245Human Anatomy and Physiology I4

The first course in a two-course sequence. Examines the structural and functional characteristics of the human body. From discussions of concepts of physiological control and levels of organization, this course concentrates on the components of the musculoskeletal system, the integument and an extensive description and analysis of neural and endocrine systems of control. Lab exercises support lecture topics, and involve hands-on activities including dissection and physiological measurement. This course is required for medical technology majors and exercise scie

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
4
Credits (max)
4
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 246Human Anatomy and Physiology II4

The second course in a two-course sequence, the first being BIOL 245 Human Anatomy & Physiology I. Concentrates on discussions of the structural and functional characteristics of the major organ systems of the body, including cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive. Emphasis on the integrative nature of these systems to the maintenance of physiological function. Lab exercises support lecture topics, and involve hands-on activities including dissection and physiological measurement.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
4
Credits (max)
4
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 250Basic Concepts in Biology1-3

Examination of selected areas of general biology for interested lower division major or non-major. Emphasis on developing basic background in such areas as botany, zoology, and the relationships between these fields and human society. Examples of courses offered include Field Natural History and Fungal Pathogens. Course may not be used as Biology major elective. Topics are determined by student interests.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 251Basic Concepts in Biology1-3

Examination of selected areas of general biology for interested lower division major or non-major. Emphasis on developing basic background in such areas as botany, zoology, and the relationships between these fields and human society. Examples of courses offered include Field Natural History and Fungal Pathogens. Course may not be used as Biology major elective. Topics are determined by student interests.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 256Introduction to Clinical Science1

A course designed to acquaint sophomores with various career opportunities available in medical technology. Educational requirements and professional responsibilities are also discussed. Small group discussions of clinical literature, and a tour of a hospital lab are featured.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 275Health Professions Careers1

The course is designed to assist students in learning the requirements for admission into health professional schools. We will review the admissions requirements for medical, dental, optometry and veterinary medical colleges and discuss how students can best develop a competitive admissions application. We will also discuss the history of the different health professions.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 296Ecology of National Parks3

This course will utilize a national park and the surrounding ecosystem as a case study to explore the science of ecology and ecosystem biology. The course will address the methods scientists use to explore natural systems. The course will also engage students in the use of basic research techniques and data analysis. We will emphasize ecological issues that have meaning for the management of public lands and thus address the application of scientific models outside of the discipline.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
Corequisite
ENGL 296. Offered: Every other year.
BIOL 310The Human Genome3

The course will focus on human genes, their inheritance and the Human Genome Project. The broad subject area of genetics will be covered including studies of genes and genomes in other species to facilitate a better understanding of human genetics. For non-majors only. occasion. COURSES| 227

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
Prerequisite
BIOL 110 or BIOL 111. Offered: Offered on
BIOL 314Biology Student Ambassadors2

This class trains and assists upper-level students to become mentors in the Biology Student Ambassadors program. The student ambassadors program is a peer mentoring opportunity between upper-level students and the students enrolled in the BIOL 100 Studying for Success" class. The objective of this class is to improve leadership and mentoring skills of upperclassmen while increasing the retention and success of the first-year students by helping to ease their transition to college."

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
2
Credits (max)
2
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 330Ecology3

Introduction to ecology emphasizing general principles at individual, population, and community levels. Examples of various approaches (observation and experimentation, field and laboratory studies, and modeling and computer simulations) are considered.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 331Ecology Laboratory1

Laboratories designed to give a diversity of experience, building upon principles of individual, population, and community ecology. A quantitative approach to the study of ecology is emphasized. Labs include plant and animal studies and field and laboratory experiments, as well as long- and short-term studies.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 333Biochemistry3

The structure and function of proteins and the regulation of metabolic pathways will be the central concepts presented in the course. Students should gain an understanding of the fundamental principles of the biology of protein molecules.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 334Biochemistry Laboratory1

Introduction to laboratory practice using biochemical techniques to isolate and characterize proteins. Enzyme kinetics and bioinformatics are also covered.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 336Mammalian Physiology3

An integrative approach to systems physiology. After an initial discussion on mechanisms of cellular regulation of homeostasis, individual physiological systems, e.g. respiratory, cardiovascular, are examined. Organ and system action are related to demonstrate integration of function within the body. Major emphasis will be on normal human functions.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 337Mammalian Physiology Lab1

A laboratory course designed to complement BIOL 336 Mammalian Physiology. Laboratory exercises examine, through experimentation, the integrative functions of organs and systems within the body. Labs include excitable cell physiology, cardiovascular, excretory and exercise physiology. Wherever possible, human models are utilized.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 338Microbiology4

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms: bacteria, archaea, viruses, and eukaryotes. We will study the diversity, ecology, biochemistry, genetics, pathogenicity, and other areas of microorganisms. The laboratory will include basic techniques for the isolation and identification of bacteria based on their metabolic, physical and genetic properties.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
4
Credits (max)
4
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 343Conservation3

Study of relationships of people with nature; extensive treatment of world and national problems related to use of natural resources. Basic approach is ecological, but impact of economic, sociological, political, and ethical concepts on human ecology examined. Note: Students in any Biology degree program may earn elective credit for only one of BIOL 343, 345 or 360.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
Prerequisite
BIOL 111. Offered: Offered on occasion.
BIOL 344Parasitology1

A survey of the more important protozoan and helminth parasites of humans. Special emphasis is given to epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of common parasitic diseases.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 345Emerging Infectious Diseases3

The course will examine infectious diseases whose incidence in humans has increased within the past two decades. The course will focus on the etiological agents, infectious disease process, epidemiology, and the factors associated with the emergence and reemergence of these infectious diseases.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 360AIDS and STDs3

Discussion of the many ways AIDS and STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) have affected people and the societies in which they live. The course includes information about human physiology, immune defense mechanisms, and microbiology. Detailed biological discussions focus on the transmission of AIDS and STDs, disease symptoms, treatment, and prevention, as well as information on the historical accounts, global and regional impact, ethical, legal and public policy considerations, economic impact of AIDS and STDs, and the psychosocial impact on the individual, family and community. For non-majors only. Offered: Offered on occasion.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
Prerequisite
BIOL 111 or BIOL 131 or BIOL 110.
BIOL 365Bioethics and New Embryology3

Bioethics is a multidisciplinary study that examines the ethical treatment of patients in a medical environment. The field of bioethics emerged in the 1960s and is an important facet of both biology and philosophy. The field of bioethics developed in an environment of mutual discussion between people of faith and more secular philosophers. Technological advancements such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), genetic engineering, and stem cell research have opened the door to many healthy debates about technological capabilities and the development of the embryo. To

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 375Genes, Health, and Society

The genetic makeup and environment in which humans develop makes each person unique. How do variations in these factors contribute to our physical and mental health? From a historical perspective, students will discuss how scientists and physicians study genes and genomes as well as how society reacts to the hope, hype, and fear surrounding these breakthroughs.

Subject
BIOL
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 380Cell and Molecular Biology3

This course is designed as an introduction to modern cell biology. Cell biology is the meeting point of biochemistry, genetics, cytology and physiology and is vital to anyone with an interest in molecular biology. A cell biologist must not only be able to examine structures within a cell, but must understand the underlying molecular processes that govern the formation and regulation of those structures, as well as the interaction of those structures with each other and the environment both inside and outside the cell.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 381Cell and Molecular Biology Lab1

This laboratory course is designed to familiarize students with some of the techniques used in cell biology research. Much of the emphasis will be on the use of fluorescence microscopy, but will take advantage of many tools that have been developed for use on the fluorescent microscope. We will also use biochemical techniques to examine proteins and cellular contents. During the semester, students will learn to identify particular functions and processes within the eukaryotic cell.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 397Biochemistry Seminar I1

Current biochemical research papers are analyzed in a journal club (open discussion) format. This course will help students to develop critical reading skills and underscore how an array of biochemical techniques are applied to address a research problem. Faculty from both biology and chemistry participate in this seminar.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 410Tropical Biology3

A lecture and field course on the natural history and ecology of the neotropics. Students examine several terrestrial and marine tropical ecosystems, including lowland rain forests, elfin forests, mangrove communities, and coral reefs. Each student completes a field project and journal. One lecture per week during the semester followed by a two-week field experience in Costa Rica during winter break. Students are responsible for travel expenses. Restricted to majors with junior or senior standing. COURSES| 229 Offered: Every other year.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 412Sociobiology3

The course covers social behavior from the perspective of evolutionary theory. Topics include sex, aggression, altruism, parent-offspring conflict, and the origin of cooperative societies.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 417Comparative Animal Physiology3

How animals maintain homeostasis in a non-homeostatic world. After a general introduction to mechanisms of cellular regulation and energetics the class will discuss specific physiological systems (respiratory, cardiovascular, osmoregulatory, etc.) and compare the modes and strategies employed by different animal groups in responding to changes in external environment. Particular attention directed to adaptations to marginal habitats, e.g. marine intertidal, deep sea hydrothermal vents, hot desert.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 419Genes and Genomes3

The course will focus on the study of DNA and genes from the paper by Watson and Crick to the Human Genome Project. The genetic and molecular approaches used to identify genes and the impact of genome study on society and current scientific research will be discussed. year.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
Prerequisite
BIOL 237 or BIOL 335. Offered: Every other
BIOL 420Population/Community Ecology3

Reading and discussion of primary literature relating to population and community ecology. Topics include population growth, life history patterns, competition, plant-animal interactions, and community organization.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 421Biological Conservation3

An examination of species diversity with an emphasis on human activities which affect these patterns. Major topics will include the effects of land use practices, habitat fragmentation, invasive species and pollution on the current distribution and extinction patterns of plants and animals.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 422Physiological Ecology3

Reading and discussion of primary literature relating to animal interactions with the environment. Examination of potential effects of specific habitats (e.g. deserts, deep sea) and the physiological responses of various animals to these environmental challenges.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 424Aquatic Ecology3

This course explores aquatic ecosystems and their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. With an emphasis on lakes, students will gain a broad understanding of the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems, as well as ecological interactions. This will set the stage for an exploration of the implications of various environmental changes and the impact of human activities on the health of aquatic resources on our planet.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 426Current Environmental Topics3

The focus of the course is on global environmental issues. The issues examined have been making the news during the last year and at the time the course is taught. Changes in climate, overpopulation, pollution, conservation, development, genetically modified organisms, invasive species, illegal species trade, etc. are some of the ongoing issues that are covered in the course. The format of the course invites participation, discussion and critical thinking.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 427Fisheries Science3

The course is an overview of ichthyology, fisheries biology, and fisheries conservation. Students will be introduced to the taxonomic diversity of fish, fish adaptations, techniques and models used in the study of fish populations, community interactions, and issues concerning fisheries conservation and management. Special emphasis will be placed on understanding Great Lakes fisheries.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 429Field Biology3

A field-oriented course with emphasis on developing and testing scientific hypotheses. Activities include identification of local flora and fauna, using a wide variety of field techniques, statistical analysis, and writing scientific reports. Some Saturday field trips required.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 431Senior Seminar1

Reading, discussion, and analysis of current topics of biological significance using original source material from primary biological periodicals. Students prepare and present a seminar based on an extensive review of the available literature.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 434Animal Behavior3

The course will provide background to the discipline of animal behavior and examine the levels of questioning in this field. It will discuss the influence of genetics and the environment on behavior (nature vs. nurture). It will then magnify our focus to the roots of behavior, the proximate causes of behavior, specifically its neural and hormonal control. It will examine the cases of bird song, electric fish EODs, shark electroreception, moth hearing and bat echolocation. It will then focus on those behaviors that make up the many tasks animals must accomplish

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 435Developmental Biology3

A study of animal development integrating descriptive, experimental, cellular, and molecular studies of gametogenesis, fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, induction, and maturation. Labs examine development from an historical perspective including: descriptive, experimental and molecular embryology incorporating hypothesis testing through the use of micromanipulation, cell culture and immunohistochemistry. Two lectures, one laboratory.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 437Molecular Genetics Laboratory2

Molecular genetics is a broad term that describes a collection of techniques that biologists use to study and manipulate the physiology, biochemistry, and genetics of a cell at a molecular level. This course is designed to help students build their molecular "toolkit" and teach them how to bring the concepts learned in lecture courses to bear on a research project.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
2
Credits (max)
2
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 438Molecules and Medicine3

The course will cover material on traditional drugs used in medicine and discuss the transition to new drugs that have been designed to interact with a specific target. An emphasis will be on understanding the molecular details of drug-target interactions and the mechanism of actions of pharmaceutical drugs. Students will discuss ethical issues relating to medicine and pharmaceuticals. Students will read primary literature and review articles as the primary sources of information in the course.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 440Undergraduate Research1-3

Independent study and research of mutual interest with faculty member in such areas as morphology, physiology, evolution, development, population dynamics, genetics, biochemistry, cell and subcellular biology, microbiology, ecology, behavior and conservation. Course may be repeated; maximum of 12 credits count toward the B.S. degree, only 3 of which may be included in a Biology major. Note: Students may earn Biology elective credit for only one of BIOL 440 /1 or 458. Permission of department required.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Repeatable
may be repeated; maximum of 12 credits count toward the B.
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 441Undergraduate Research1-3

Independent study and research of mutual interest with faculty member in such areas as morphology, physiology, evolution, development, population dynamics, genetics, biochemistry, cell and subcellular biology, microbiology, ecology, behavior and conservation. Course may be repeated; maximum of 12 credits count toward the B.S. degree, only 3 of which may be included in a Biology major. Note: Students may earn Biology elective credit for only one of BIOL 440 /1 or 458. Permission of department required.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Repeatable
may be repeated; maximum of 12 credits count toward the B.
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 443Plant Physiology3

Study of the life processes and responses of plants, including water relations and transport, photosynthesis and general metabolism, mineral and organic nutrition, photoperiodic responses and rhythms, growth and differentiation, and plant relationships with the environment.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 447Evolution3

Consideration of the theoretical framework of evolutionary biology and the mechanisms of evolution. Special topics include microevolution, macroevolution, and coevolution.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 450Modern Concepts in Biology1-4

An in-depth examination of selected areas of biology for interested upper-division students. Topics are determined by faculty and student interests and emphasize methods and recent research developments. Examples of topics currently offered on a rotating basis include: Biomembranes, Hormone Mechanisms, Molecular Biology, Cell/Hybridoma Culture, and Biology of Terrestrial Vertebrates.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
4
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 451Modern Concepts in Biology1-3

An in-depth examination of selected areas of biology for interested upper-division students Topics are determined by faculty and student interests and emphasize methods and recent research developments. Examples of topics currently offered on a rotating basis include: Biomembranes, Hormone Mechanisms, Molecular Biology, Cell/Hybridoma Culture, and Biology of Terrestrial Vertebrates.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 452Museum Practicum1-3

Museum Practicum provides hands-on experience in the care, maintenance, and interpretation of natural history collections. Students will participate directly in the daily operations of a traditional natural history museum, learning professional standards and practices for building, maintaining, and preserving biological, geological, and cultural specimens. Activities may include specimen preparation, cataloging, database management, collections curation, exhibit design, specimen restoration, and public education. Students will work under supervision on assigned

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 453Basic Hematology1

Introduction to the study of blood, its cellular components, and various blood diseases. Laboratory exercises include a variety of manual techniques involved with blood cell counts and determinations.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 457Biostatistics3

A review of statistical tests frequently used in the biological sciences. Emphasis is placed on understanding experimental design and what statistics can and cannot do. Uses of computer statistical packages are also considered.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 458Lab Supervision in Biology1

A supervisory experience in teaching of the biology department's laboratories under the guidance of a faculty member. Student experiences may include; preparing materials for the lab, and demonstrating procedures and techniques to students. Note: Students may earn Biology elective credit for only one of BIOL 440 /1 or 458. Permission of department required.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 461Immunology and Serology3

Study of the mechanisms of the immune response including cellular basis of immunity and molecular basis of antigen-antibody reactions. Regulation of antibody production and cell-mediated reactivity examined. Current clinical applicability considered in discussion of tumor, transplantation, allergy-related, and autoimmune immunobiology. Several laboratory exercises included involving serological/immunological determinations detecting antigen-antibody interactions. Three lectures.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 465Advanced Experimental Biochemistry2

State-of-the-art biochemical and molecular techniques are taught within this hands-on, laboratory-based course. Potential topics include the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), oligonucleotide synthesis, DNA/protein sequencing and analysis (BLAST, DNASIS), pulse-field gel electrophoresis, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high performance liquid chronatography (HPLC), immunochemistry, and/or other contemporary techniques.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
2
Credits (max)
2
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 466Current Issues in Developmental Biology3

Course focuses on recent developments in the rapidly expanding field of developmental biology. With the advent of the tools available to molecular biologists, the course will study recent advances in the genetic understanding of various aspects of embryological development and regeneration. The course will present a variety of topics including: fertilization, gastrulation, maternal effect genes, pattern formation, and evolutionary aspects of development. Junior standing in major required.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 468Biomembranes3

The objectives of the course include: identification of different types of membranes based upon composition, morphology and cellular functions, and examination of experiments which have provided understanding of how membranes function in cells and organisms. Topics include membrane composition, electron microscope techniques, membrane transport, membrane proteins and enzymes, receptors, hormone interaction, cell recognition, secretion, and biogenesis of membranes.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
Prerequisite
BIOL 333. Offered: Every other year.
BIOL 469Eukaryotic Gene Regulation3

In-depth examination of the ways in which eukaryotic cells regulate their protein composition at the levels of genome replication, transcription, post-transcriptional modifications, and translations. Topics include chromatin structure, transcription factors, and DNA sequence elements, several cell-type specific transcriptional events and how they are regulated, as well as how transcriptional regulation gone awry can cause cancer.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 470Hormone Mechanisms3

Course will examine the basic physiological, cellular and molecular pathways which regulate metabolism, growth, and neurological activities of organisms, especially mammals. Discussions will follow text information and general models will be supported with primary research literature to show developments from recent experiments.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
Prerequisite
BIOL 333. Offered: Every other year.
BIOL 472Microbial Pathogenesis3

Course focuses on the molecular basis of microbial pathogenesis. Through the application of molecular techniques to the study of the microbe-host interaction, scientists are gaining a fundamental understanding of the virulence mechanisms of microbial pathogens. Using primary literature the course will illustrate how the integration of the molecular basis of virulence mechanisms with the clinical aspects of disease has enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Offered: Offered on occasion.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 473Animal Communication3

The course will provide a background for the field of animal communication including a discussion of definitions of animal communication. It will then survey the production, transmission and reception of auditory, visual, and chemical signals. Optimality theory and signal detection theory will be introduced as they apply to animal communication. It will spend some time on how signals come to be and why they have the design they do (signal evolution). Finally, it will investigate signaling in a variety of situations such as between potential mates, other conspec

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 475Advanced Biochemistry3

A continuation of BIOL 333 , the course explores biochemical concepts and pathways with an emphasis on problem solving. Cellular control and coordination of biochemical pathways is emphasized in light of an advanced understanding of protein biochemistry. Lecture only.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 480Molecular Biology of Disease3

The course will cover topics relating to the genetic and biochemical etiology of human disease. Through examination of the primary literature, students will become familiar with the techniques used to study and treat diseases at the molecular level. Specific topics covered include inborn errors in metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis, protein folding diseases, cancer, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy. Students will formulate an independent research proposal based on examination of current literature on a disease of their choosing.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 481Advances in Genetic Analysis3

Advances in Genetic Analysis satisfies an upper-level elective requirement for biology majors. You will be challenged to apply what you have learned in your foundational courses such as Genetics and Biochemistry to study modern topics in the broad category of genetics. You will read primary and secondary sources and be required to engage in discussion about the readings each week. The goal is not to give you a comprehensive treatment of every topic in genetics, but rather examine a cross section of the approaches that modern molecular biologists use to study cu

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 482Cancer Biology3

This course is designed as an introduction to the field of cancer biology research. It will examine the root causes of cancer, both environmental and cellular. Particular emphasis will be placed upon molecular mechanisms that cause cancer. We will also examine cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. This course will allow students to integrate knowledge of cellular, molecular and biochemical systems in the study of this disease.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 483Cell Signaling3

This course aims to examine the molecular mechanisms used in cellular signaling, vital in all aspects of life. We will discuss the concepts that are broadly found in many different signaling pathways, how those common features can be used, and the variety of responses that can be elicited by the activation of a signaling pathway. We will examine several specific pathways, with the aid of current literature to see where research is headed in terms of understanding these complex pathways.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 484Stem Cells and Regeneration3

The course will cover the biology of stem cells and their role in organ formation and regeneration. Topics include animal development, cellular reprogramming, tissue-specific stem cells, mechanisms of regeneration, and the most recent therapeutic applications of stem cells. Students will read and discuss primary research articles and write a novel research proposal. Students will therefore develop or refine skills in critically evaluating experimental design, data analysis and interpretation.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 490Biology Internship

Approved biology-related experiences in academia, government, industry or other foundations. Requires the permission of the department and faculty sponsor. 1-15

Subject
BIOL
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 491Senior Capstone - Research1-3
Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 492Senior Capstone - Internship1-3
Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 493Senior Capstone - Course3
Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 497Biochemistry Seminar II1

Students prepare oral presentations based on an assessment of current biochemical research papers. The course will help students to further develop critical reading and scientific communication skills. Faculty from both biology and chemistry participate in the seminar.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 499Independent Study - Undergraduate1-3

In Independent Study, students will perform literature reviews and learn how to design experiments and collect and analyze data. Student expectations will vary based upon the biological discipline and the number of credits. Junior/Senior standing in the major.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 501Biochemistry3

Advanced discussion of biological chemistry; chemistry of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, and nucleic acids; bioenergetics; the structure and mechanism of enzyme action; protein biosynthesis; molecular genetics; selected topics in immunochemistry, and biochemical endocrinology.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
Prerequisite
CHEM 216. Offered: Offered on occasion.
BIOL 502Methods in Biochemistry3

Theory and laboratory experiments demonstrating the techniques and applications of contemporary biochemistry including electrophoresis, chromatography, centrifugation, radioisotope methods, DNA sequencing, enzymology, spectrophotometry and gas chromatography.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
Prerequisite
BIOL 501. Offered: Offered on occasion.
BIOL 510Tropical Biology

A lecture and field course on the natural history and ecology of the neotropics. Students examine several terrestrial and marine tropical ecosystems, including

Subject
BIOL
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 511Graduate Research Methods3

This course is required for all M.S. students in the Department of Biology and aims to prepare students with the essentials of doing science, from formulating questions through data analysis and interpretation. We will address the nature of scientific reasoning, principles of research design, elements of scientific data, statistical analyses, and effective presentation of results.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 512Sociobiology3

The course covers social behavior from the perspective of evolutionary theory. Topics include sex, aggression, altruism, parent-offspring conflict, and the origin of cooperative societies. Graduate students will write a research intensive review article, using primary literature. Papers should provide a thorough review of a specific sociobiological hypothesis applied to limited taxa. I expect you to cover all up-to-date primary sources that pertain to your topic. The paper should be about 10 pages long. Topics must be approved by the instructor. Graduate studen

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 517Comparative Animal Physiology3

How animals maintain homeostasis in a non-homeostatic world. After a general introduction to mechanisms of cellular regulation and energetics, discussion will include specific physiological systems (respiratory, cardiovascular, osmoregulatory, etc.) and compare the modes and strategies employed by different animal groups in responding to changes in external environment. Particular attention directed to adaptations to marginal habitats, e.g. marine intertidal, deep sea hydrothermal vents, hot desert.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 519Genes and Genomes3

The course will focus on the study of DNA and genes from the paper by Watson and Crick to the Human Genome Project. The genetic and molecular approaches used to identify genes and the impact of genome study on society and current scientific research will be discussed. Offered: Every other year.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 520Population and Community Ecology3

Reading and discussion of primary literature relating to population and community ecology. Topics include population growth life history patterns, competition, plant-animal interactions, and community organization.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 521Graduate Science Communication3

This course is required for all M.S. students in the Department of Biology and aims to prepare graduate students for the various kinds of science communication that they will be engaged in. This includes preparation and submission of scientific manuscripts for publication, review of manuscripts, preparation of grant proposals, and communicating with the public.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 522Physiological Ecology3

Reading and discussion of primary literature relating to physiological and ecosystem ecology. Topics include resource acquisition, energetics, nutrient cycling, and energy flow.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
Prerequisite
BIOL 330. Offered: Offered on occasion.
BIOL 524Aquatic Ecology3

This course explores aquatic ecosystems and their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. With an emphasis on lakes, students will gain a broad understanding of the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems, as well as ecological interactions. This will set the stage for an exploration of the implications of various environmental changes and the impact of human activities on the health of aquatic resources on our planet.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 525Conservation Biology3

We discuss the current global crisis of the loss of biodiversity. The course is designed to instruct you to the ways in which the principles of genetics, ecology, and evolutionary biology can be used to conserve and protect biological diversity. Topics will include the nature of diversity, extinction and its cause, habitat alteration and fragmentation, effects of exotic species, and social issues. Students will apply the knowledge they gain during the semester to develop a conservation plan that addresses a specific conservation issue.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 526Current Environmental Topics3

The focus of the course is on global environmental issues. The issues examined have been making the news during the last year and at the time the course is taught. Changes in climate, overpopulation, pollution, conservation, development, genetically modified organisms, invasive species, illegal species trade, etc. are some of the ongoing issues that are covered in the course. The format of the course invites participation, discussion and critical thinking.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 527Fisheries Science3

The course is an overview of ichthyology, fisheries biology, and fisheries conservation. Students will be introduced to the taxonomic diversity of fish, fish adaptations, techniques and models used in the study of fish populations, community interactions, and issues concerning fisheries conservation and management. Special emphasis will be placed on understanding the Great Lakes fisheries.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
Prerequisite
BIOL 144. Offered: Every other year.
BIOL 534Animal Behavior3

The course will first provide background to the discipline of animal behavior and examine the levels of questioning in this field. The class will discuss the influence of genetics and the environment on behavior (nature vs. nurture). It will magnify its focus to the roots of behavior, the proximate causes of behavior, specifically its neural and hormonal control. The class will examine the cases of bird song, electric fish EODs, shark electroreception, moth hearing and bat echolocation, and then focus on those behaviors that make up the many tasks animals must

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 535Developmental Biology3

A study of animal development integrating descriptive, experimental, cellular, and molecular studies of gametogenesis, fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, induction, and maturation. Labs examine development from an historical perspective including: descriptive, experimental and molecular embryology incorporating hypothesis testing through the use of micromanipulation, cell culture and immunohistochemistry. Two lectures, one laboratory.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 538Molecules and Medicine3

The course will cover material on traditional drugs used in medicine and discuss the transition to new drugs that have been designed to interact with a specific target. An emphasis will be on understanding the molecular details of drug-target interactions and the mechanism of actions of pharmaceutical drugs. Students will discuss ethical issues relating to medicine and pharmaceuticals. Students will read primary literature and review articles as the primary sources of information in the course.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 543Plant Physiology3

Study of the life processes and responses of plants, including water relations and transport, photosynthesis and general metabolism, mineral and organic nutrition, photoperiodic responses and rhythms, growth and differentiation, and plant relationships with the environment. Laboratory includes problems and exercises in whole plant physiology as well as at the molecular level. The laboratory stresses methods rather than results. Two lectures, one laboratory.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 544Radiation Biology3

Lectures on techniques required for application of radioactive isotopes to biological research. Experimental isotope tracer techniques deal with in vitro and in vivo labeling as well as autoradiographic studies. Variety of living systems used. Offered: Offered on occasion.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 547Evolution3

Consideration of the theoretical framework of evolutionary biology and the mechanisms of evolution. Special topics include microevolution, macroevolution and coevolution.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 550Current Concepts in Biology1-4

An in-depth examination of selected areas of biology for interested upper-division students. Topics are determined by faculty and student interests and emphasize methods and recent research developments. Examples of topics currently offered on a rotating basis include: Biomembranes, Molecular Genetics, Cell and Hybridoma Culture, Enzymes, Ethology, Hormone Mechanisms, Bioenergetics, Microbial Genetics, Field Biology, and Advanced Developmental Biology, PCR, DNA Synthesis and Immunology.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
4
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 551Current Concepts in Biology1-3

An in-depth examination of selected areas of biology for interested upper-division students Topics are determined by faculty and student interests and emphasize methods and recent research developments. Examples of topics currently offered on a rotating basis include: Biomembranes, Molecular Genetics, Cell and Hybridoma Culture, Enzymes, Ethology, Hormone Mechanisms, Bioenergetics, Microbial Genetics, Field Biology, and Advanced Developmental Biology, PCR, DNA Synthesis and Immunology.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 557Biostatistics3

Statistical tests frequently used in the biological sciences. Emphasis is placed on understanding what statistics can and cannot do, the meaning of a statistical test, and how to choose an appropriate statistical test. Uses of micro-computer and mainframe statistical packages (SPSS or MINITAB) are also considered.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 564Mammalogy3

Consideration of taxonomy, ecology, and physiology of mammals; world fauna examined although emphasis on local species. Field population studies, collection and preservation of specimens, and studies in physiological adaptations of mammals.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 566Current Issues in Developmental Biology3

Course focuses on recent developments in the rapidly expanding field of developmental biology. With the advent of the tools available to molecular biologists, the course will study recent advances in the genetic understanding of various aspects of embryological development and regeneration. The course will present a variety of topics including: fertilization, gastrulation, maternal effect genes, pattern formation, and evolutionary aspects of development.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 567Biomembranes3

The objectives of this course include: identification of different types of membranes based upon composition, morphology and cellular functions, and examination of experiments which have provided understanding of how membranes function in cells and organisms. Topics include membrane composition, electron microscope techniques, membrane transport, membrane proteins and enzymes, receptors, hormone interaction, cell recognition, secretion, and biogenesis of membranes.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
Prerequisite
BIOL 333. Offered: Every other year.
BIOL 569Eukaryotic Gene Regulation

In-depth examination of the ways in which eukaryotic cells regulate their protein composition at the levels of genome replication, transcription, post-transcriptional modifications, and translation. Topics include chromatin structure, transcription factors, and DNA sequence elements, several cell-type specific transcriptional events

Subject
BIOL
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 570Hormone Mechanisms3

The course will examine the basic physiological, cellular and molecular pathways which regulate metabolism, growth, and neurological activities of organisms, especially mammals. Discussions will follow text information and general models will be supported with primary research literature to show developments from recent experiments.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
Prerequisite
BIOL 333. Offered: Every other year.
BIOL 572Microbial Pathogenesis3

The course focuses on the molecular basis of microbial pathogenesis. Through the application of molecular techniques to the study of the microbe-host interaction, scientists are gaining a fundamental understanding of the virulence mechanisms of microbial pathogens. Using primary literature the course will illustrate how the integration of the molecular basis of virulence mechanisms with the clinical aspects of disease has enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. on occasion.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
Prerequisite
BIOL 333 and BIOL 335. Offered: Offered
BIOL 573Animal Communication3

The course will first provide a background for the field of animal communication including a discussion of definitions of animal communication. The class will then survey the production, transmission and reception of auditory, visual, and chemical signals. Optimality theory and signal detection theory will be introduced as they apply to animal communication. The class will spend some time on how signals come to be and why they have the design they do (signal evolution), and will investigate signaling in a variety of situations such as between potential mates, o

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 580Molecular Biology of Disease3

The course will cover topics relating to the genetic and biochemical etiology of human disease. Through examination of the primary literature, students will become familiar with the techniques used to study and treat diseases at the molecular level. Specific topics covered include inborn errors in metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis, protein folding diseases, cancer, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy. Students will formulate an independent research proposal based on examination of current literature on a disease of their choosing.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 581Advances in Genetic Analysis3

Advances in Genetic Analysis satisfies an graduate elective requirement. You will be challenged to apply what you have learned in your foundational courses such as Genetics, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry to study modern topics in the broad category of genetics. You will read primary and secondary sources and be required to engage in discussion about the readings each week. The goal is not to give you a comprehensive treatment of every topic in genetics, but rather examine a cross section of the approaches that modern molecular biologists use to study current q

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 582Cancer Biology3

This course is designed as an introduction to the field of cancer biology research. It will examine the root causes of cancer, both environmental and cellular. Particular emphasis will be placed upon molecular mechanisms that cause cancer. We will also examine cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. This course will allow students to integrate knowledge of cellular, molecular and biochemical systems in the study of this disease.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 583Cell Signaling3

This course aims to examine the molecular mechanisms used in cellular signaling, vital in all aspects of life. We will discuss the concepts that are broadly found in many different signaling pathways, how those common features can be used, and the variety of responses that can be elicited by the activation of a signaling pathway. We will examine several specific pathways, with the aid of current literature to see where research is headed in terms of understanding these complex pathways.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 584Stem Cells & Regeneration3

The course will cover the biology of stem cells and their role in organ formation and regeneration. Topics include animal development, cellular reprogramming, tissue-specific stem cells, mechanisms of regeneration, and the most recent therapeutic applications of stem cells. Students will read and discuss primary research articles and write a novel research proposal. Students will therefore develop or refine skills in critically evaluating experimental design, data analysis and interpretation.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 590Graduate Seminar1

Presentation of detailed study of topic of current interest in the biological literature. Attendance and one seminar presentation required for three semesters of all candidates for the master's degree. Students completing thesis research must present their results orally prior to their scheduled thesis defense.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 600Seminar1-3

Presentation of detailed study of topic of current interest in the biological literature. Attendance and one seminar presentation required for three semesters of all candidates for the master's degree. Students completing thesis research must present their results orally prior to their scheduled thesis defense. Offered: Every other year.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 601Seminar1

Presentation of detailed study of topic of current interest in the biological literature. Attendance and one seminar presentation required for three semester of all candidates for the master's degree. Students completing thesis research must present their results orally prior to their scheduled thesis defense.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 611Cell Regulation3

Integrated study of regulation at various levels within the cell. Molecular control of cellular activity and its interconnection with biochemistry including regulation of enzyme activity, nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis, metabolic control by hormones, and membrane regulatory functions.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
3
Credits (max)
3
Credit unit
Credits
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
Prerequisite
BIOL 501. Offered: Offered on occasion.
BIOL 646Reproductive Physiology

Treatment of reproductive mechanisms in higher vertebrates; particular attention to mammals. Topics

Subject
BIOL
Type
course
Edition
2019-2020
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 650Special Topics in Biology1-3

Comprehensive reviews of current state of biological investigation for advanced graduate students. Analysis of frontiers of scientific advancement in molecular biology, quantitative ecology, and physiology.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 680Graduate Research1-3

Research conducted by a graduate student in the Comprehensive Exam option of our MS programs under the supervision of a member of the Biology Department faculty

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 690Thesis Research1-9

Directed research culminating in the preparation of a thesis.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
9
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 691Thesis1-9

Directed research culminating in the preparation of a thesis.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
9
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 695Capstone Continuation1

Graduate students are required to remain continuously enrolled until completion of thesis/capstone work in order to allow continuing usage of university resources and to accurately account for faculty involvement.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
1
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com
BIOL 699Independent Study - Graduate1-3

Primarily intended for thesis graduate students wishing to perform a thorough and directed literature review in support of their graduate research. Graduate students will develop the independent study activities with the assistance and approval of their research professor; formal assessment mechanisms to be determined by the professor. May be appropriate for non-thesis graduate students wishing to perform a thorough and directed literature review under the supervision of a professor, leading to the development of a formal paper.

Subject
BIOL
Credits (min)
1
Credits (max)
3
Type
course
Edition
2026-2027 University Catalog
Catalog
2026-2027 University Catalog
Source
fredonia.smartcatalogiq.com

Source: SUNY at Fredonia's catalog, linked per course · table learning_unit · CourseShelf publish 61