160 courses with the subject GEO, each shown exactly as we captured it from the college's catalog, with every element we hold. Where the wording looks broken, that is our reading of the catalog, not the college's text.
Exploration of a topic (to be determined) not covered by the standard curriculum but of interest to faculty and students in a particular semester. *
Relationship between society and the environment. Natural resource use, climate change politics, food and agriculture, energy, water, and sustainability.
Survey of world, urban geography. Major concepts of human geography for non-specialists.
The roles and applications of spatial data and technologies in everyday life. Students study GIS, GPS, remote sensing, cartography, and emerging technologies like GeoAI and location-based services. Emphasis on ethics/power, accessibility, privacy, and applied practice.
Patterns of the physical phenomena at and near the surface of the earth. Surface configuration, climate, vegetation, and soil and their areal interrelationships.
An integrative overview to human geography. Topics include human-environmental relations, demographic change, cultural landscape; urban and agricultural land use and economic restructuring.
Offered through SUAbroad by educational institution outside the United States. Student registers for the course at the foreign institution and is graded according to that institution's practice. SUAbroad works with the SU academic department to assign the appropriate course level, title, and grade for the student's transcript.
Exploration of a topic (to be determined) not covered by the standard curriculum but of interest to faculty and students in a particular semester. *
Explores the relationship between the capitalist economic system and the environment. Covers basic theories of capitalism¿s class and social structure followed by case studies on land, energy, climate and water in the USA and global contexts.
Focusing on physical processes and patterns of environmental change, changes occurring as a result of human activities, and the social consequences of environmental change.
Participation in a discipline- or subject-related experience. Students must be evaluated by written or oral reports or an examination. Limited to those in good academic standing.
The globalization of culture and the persistence of nationalism around the world. Case studies from different regions of the world examine geographical processes that shape ways of life, national identity, and culture.
A geographical approach to the political economy of capitalism. Introduces key theories of capital accumulation, uneven development and social struggle. Covers the historical geography of global capitalism and contemporary case studies.
Offered through SUAbroad by educational institution outside the United States. Student registers for the course at the foreign institution and is graded according to that institution's practice. SUAbroad works with the S.U. academic department to assign the appropriate course level, title, and grade for the student's transcript.
Exploration of a problem, or problems, in depth. Individual independent study upon a plan submitted by the student. Admission by consent of supervising instructor(s) and the department.
Selected Topics
Offered regularly through Syracuse Abroad. This traveling seminar examines contested approaches to green infrastructure and culture throughout Scandinavia. Focused on human-nature interactions, the connections between global climate patterns and local politics, and inequalities. Offered only through Syracuse Abroad.
Explores the social production of food inequality globally. Critical examination of the social, political, and environmental aspects of contemporary agricultural and food systems and theories of social change and international development from a historical perspective.
Examination of the reality of systemic environmental inequalities, US and globally, with attention to the experiences of Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour in the 21st century. Theoretical frameworks include environmental justice, ecofeminism, human-nature dualisms, agency & intersectionality.
Cultural, social, and regional approaches to understanding the geography of the United States. American national identity and cultural landscape, regional consumer behavior patterns, and current regional issues.
Mapping and public policy for natural and technological hazards. Risk perception, geographic modeling, and vulnerability assessment. Mitigation measures, risk mapping, land-use restrictions, and emergency planning.
Characteristics of river environments, including hydroclimatology, floods, landforms, vegetation, human impacts, and resource management issues.
Physical and human geography of mountain regions. Focus on tectonic, geomorphological, biogeographical, and climatic processes; resource use problems and patterns, conservation, and development; environmental hazards.
An exploration of environmental processes, interactions, and environmental problems in the cold regions of the world, emphasizing the Arctic.
This class examines the political ecologies of economic development in Latin America. In particular, we will focus on the ways in which Latin American environments and natural resources have been (and continue to be) enrolled in projects of regional, national, and local development.
Critical examination, creative exploration, and application of quantitative methods in human geography. Creative use of quantitative geographic analysis on various social and environmental justice issues, covering various methods in spatial statistics, categorical data analysis, research design, and visualization. Additional work for graduate students.
Maps, Power, History (MPH) examines the role and place of maps in the societies that produced and consumed them. We will consider maps as visual embodiments of space that are uniquely human endeavors that produce and reproduce deeply rooted cultural concepts and beliefs and that contribute to the places they depict and represent.
Through lectures and discussion, the course provides a broad introduction to the many historical geographies of Latin America and the Caribbean.
Atmospheric dynamics emphasizing spatial distributions of energy and moisture at several scales. Weather phenomena, regional climates, and human-induced perturbations and modifications of climate systems. Land-use change, climate change and urban climatologies.
Natural environmental processes in the coastal zone. Emphasis on coastal transformation due to climate variability and change, estuarine pollution and habitat destruction, human modification; and subsequent associated societal hazards and implications.
With late twentieth-century roots in the social sciences, and a strong commitment to social and environmental justice, political ecology is an interdisciplinary and critical approach to the study of society-environment
Geo- political foundations, economic and political developments, European community institutions, integration and external relations.
Broad geographical survey of Southeast Asia, focusing especially on political and economic development from the 19th-century colonial period to the present.
Critical geographical inquiry into climate change¿s uneven and inequitable impacts globally, investigating various climate injustices and their interconnections across social, political, economic, ecological, and ethical dimensions. Engages with interdisciplinary approaches and concepts of climate justice.
The topic of oil and energy futures used to explore the concerns of human geography with society, space, and the environment. By learning about oil and energy we will cover themes important to environmental, political, cultural, economic and urban geography.
Survey of environmental dimensions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) at a variety of spatial scales. Applied and theoretical analysis of AI's implications global change through geographic research on environmental policy and law, nature-society relations, and political ecology.
Visual arts and environmental concern in the U.S. from the early national period to the present. Emphasizing diversity of artists and forms, the changing cultural constructions of nature, and tracing an ecological tradition in art.
Intersection of geography and art, exploring landscapes, place, and environment in artistic expression. This course emphasizes a unique regional focus, from East Asia to the Oceania, linking spatial concepts with visual culture.
The relationship between environmental quality and social justice. Spatial aspects of unequal distribution of environmental risks and benefits. Case studies drawn from urban rural examples in both the United States and the Third World.
Relationship between Americans and the natural environment from the colonial period to the present. Ecological imperialism, technology and nature, resource-management conflicts, urban environments, development of conservation and environmentalism.
Fundamental ideas relating to underlying evolution and implementation of environmental policy in the USA.
Relations between people and animals employing approaches from the social sciences and humanities. Topics include history and geography of animals in America, managing wildlife, zoos, animals in popular culture, pets and companion animals.
Examines sustainability science, communications, and public policy through the lens of climate-what is known about climate change and impacts, what motivates public understanding, and what actions through mitigation and adaptation make progress toward sustainability.
World patterns of production and consumption in the context of regional resources and population problems. Impact of technological change on geographic organization of economic systems. Concepts in economic geography and their policy implications.
Historical development of Europe through its cities. Growth and form of European cities; how they are governed and planned.
Urban images and sense of place. Urbanization and urban growth. Urban functions and form. Social patterns, change, and transformations of urban landscapes. Housing, neighborhood, and land-use change.
Discuss key concepts in urban geography by foregrounding social justice issues across diverse urban contexts. Analyze case studies of urban struggles in various cities in the United States and other parts of the world (e.g. gentrification, immigration, violence, racial capitalism).
Economic and cultural processes of globalization as they affect different groups of men, women, and households; including gender and work, development and environmental change, and redefinitions of masculinity and femininity across the globe.
Climate extremes are becoming more damaging around the world: US disaster costs have increased by more than a factor of 3 since the 1980s. This class will explore the science and impacts of weather disasters from a variety of perspectives, using tools and data from climate science.
Geographic analysis of political processes at a variety of spatial scales, and the origins of the state-based territorial organization of global space. Introduction to conceptual foundations of political geography, and diverse cases in contemporary geopolitics.
Critical analyses of international development in theory and practice, especially as it relates to environmental change in complex ways in the Global South. Topics include modernization, participation, community, gender, sustainability, agriculture, trade, water, climate change.
North American Indigenous cultural geography, land, resources, worldviews, and expressive cultures. Focus on human environment relationships, place-making, sacred geographies, and Indigenous epistemologies. Analysis of diverse cultural logics, environmental interactions, and resilience across historical and contemporary contexts.
Offered through SUAbroad by educational institution outside the United States. Student registers for the course at the foreign institution and is graded according to that institution's practice. SUAbroad works with the S.U. academic department to assign the appropriate course level, title, and grade for the student's transcript.
Introduction to map design that brings cartographic theory and graphic design principles into hands-on technical practice through self-directed mapping projects. Reflection on power and ethics throughout mapping processes. Additional work required of graduate students.
Exploration of various forms of counter-mapping (e.g., indigenous mapping, art mapping, digital mapping, protest mapping, anti-racist mapping) and critical analysis of their scholarly, political, and ethical implications. Mapping exercises that highlight social justice issues.
Introductory GIS course emphasizing geospatial concepts, mapping, and analysis. Students develop skills in data collection, visualization, analysis, and interpretation using GIS software, applying them to real-world problems. Laboratory required. Additional work required of graduate students.
Indigenous relationships with the more-than-human world, highlighting ethical, cultural, and ecological connections. Collaboratively explores multispecies research, Indigenous survivance, and connections between geography and Indigenous studies through discussion and research.
Descriptive and inferential statistics for use geo-referenced data, spatial autocorrelation, and geostatistics. Geographic examples. Weekly labs. Individualized advanced work and term project.
Effects of geographic information technologies on governments, communities, and individuals. Mapping as an information industry, a political process, a surveillance technology, and a communication medium. Copyright, access, hazard management, national defense, public participation, and privacy.
Exploration of a problem, or problems, in depth. Individual independent study upon a plan submitted by the student. Admission by consent of supervising instructor(s) and the department.
Colonial histories and contemporary revival of Ainu and Ryukyuan cultures in Japan, exploring their arts, heritage, and environmental practices, Indigenous sovereignty, and resilience. Connections to broader global Indigenous studies, environmental justice, and cross-cultural perspectives.
Focuses on the origins, nature, and likely future course of the European Union. More generally, examines five long-range challenges facing contemporary Europe: Demographic decline; Globalization; Civic Integration; Great Power Rivalry; and Sustainable Development. Please note that PSC 396 and PSC 405 cannot both be taken for credit.
Exploration of a topic (to be determined) not covered by the standard curriculum but of interest to faculty and students in a particular semester.
Taught in South Africa through the Organization for Tropical Studies program. Analyze management of wildlife and natural resources within ecological, political, social, historical, and economic context of South Africa.
Critical examination of the social, political and environmental aspects of contemporary agri-food systems. Topics include industrial and alternative agriculture, fisheries, food policy, hunger, health issues and food justice. Involves field-based and mapping assignments.
This course reviews the development of labor geography and the restructuring of work and employment in both advanced and developing capitalist nations, focusing on workers and their collective agency to improve conditions through organizing, within the workplace and in broader community struggles.
Critical geographical analyses of inter-connected and cross-scalar role of water in environment, society, politics and economy globally. Investigates various water-society relationships, water governance, policies, crises, struggles, controversies, conflicts, and water justice, in theory and practice. Additional work required of graduate students.
History of how residents and policy makers have transformed the urban environment over the past two centuries. Topics include coping with disease, drinking water, air and water pollution, urban parks, and cities and climate change.
Investigation of the roots of the Anthropocene as a concept and a geologic epoch; examination of human drivers of and interactions with global environmental change. Additional work required of graduate students.
Field studies seminar examining popular and elite cultural forms that organize life in Britain. Emphasizes interaction with local culture environments to explore contemporary identities and how and why identity and attitude are formed. Offered in London only.
Explores the role of energy resources in shaping historical, social, and political change.
Advanced seminar on authoritarianism and environmental politics, from a global perspective. Contemporary and historical analysis of how authoritarianism intersects environmental issues related to nationalism, the far right, climate change, and post-oil futures.
An introduction to sustainability policy-examining the complex systems approach to sustainable development, comparing conventional approaches and analytical tools for environmental policy, and drawing from case studies and theoretical materials.
Survey of political, cultural, and nature-society geographies of the Middle East; focus on the region's global connections through geopolitics, culture, urban life, and environmental themes.
Critical geographic study of race and racism as formative aspects of sociocultural, economic and political processes. Focus on race/racism's operations across scales, with particular attention to gender, class, culture, colonialism, citizenship, power, and resistance.
Introduction to the structure and functions of digital geographies, including Internet infrastructures and technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), and their implications for spatial and environment-society relations from the global to the local.
This course examines human migration and its sociocultural and political impacts on sending and receiving communities. Focused on the mobility of people, ideas, and commodities, it investigates migration's role in producing and transforming human geographies.
Exploration of the environmental factors that influence the distribution of organisms. Emphasis is on plant distributions and dynamics, and consideration includes both natural and human factors. Additional work required of graduate students.
Comprehensive treatment of the geography of wildfire. Topics include fire behavior, approaches to firefighting, ecological and human impacts of wildfire, geographic and historical variation in fire regimes, and the impacts of climate change on wildfire. Additional work required of graduate students.
Participation in a discipline- or subject-related experience. Students must be evaluated by written or oral reports or an examination. Limited to those in good academic standing.
Memories play a key role in shaping how individuals and communities narrate their identities. Memories are also geographical, embedded in specific places, spaces, and landscapes. This seminar examines how those geographies are made through a wide range of social, cultural, and political practices. Additional work required for graduate students.
This course introduces students to (i) concepts and methodologies of 3D GIS (Geographic Information System) analysis; (ii) typical applications of 3D analysis in urban design and planning; and (iii) basic interface and operations in ArcGIS pro. Additional work required for graduate students.
Explores the intersection of geography and public health, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze and visualize health phenomena. Introduces core GIS concepts and skills through case studies, hands-on lab exercises, and independent projects. Additional work required for graduate students.
Techniques and impacts of spatial storytelling from a geohumanities perspective. Ways of conceptualizing space, time, and realities. Study and practice with maps, texts, images, video, and other visualization techniques. Additional work required of graduate students.
Introduction to UAV operations, including FAA airspace, platforms and sensors; flight planning, data collection, image processing, and data analysis for geospatial mapping. Applications and societal impacts, including legal, safety, privacy, ethical issues. Additional work required of graduate students.
Offered through SUAbroad by educational institution outside the United States. Student registers for the course at the foreign institution and is graded according to that institution's practice. SUAbroad works with the S.U. academic department to assign the appropriate course level, title, and grade for the student's transcript
Principles and applications of modern remote sensing, with hands-on labs and project work to address real-world challenges. Emphasis on data acquisition, image processing and analyses, and emerging technologies including sensors, platforms, and GeoAI methods. Additional work required of graduate students.
Intermediate GIS methods for the study of urban environments and systems. Emphasis on practical and applied uses of GIS, project management and spatial analysis. Laboratory exercises, case studies, and course projects use real world data. Additional work required of graduate students.
Introduces community-based and participatory research methods and participatory GIS, including origins, ethics and challenges. Examines how and why grassroots organizations use GIS and geospatial technologies. Students conduct local research projects. Additional work required of graduate students.
Supervised internship in community-based and participatory action research. Students collaborate with community-based organizations to conduct geographic research on community issues. Students contribute to ongoing projects or introduce their own. Additional work required of graduate students. Permission to enroll required.
In-depth exploration of a problem or problems. Individual independent study upon a plan submitted by the student. Admission by consent of supervising instructor or instructors and the department.
Research and presentations in a selected field of geography. Topic announced each time offered. Primarily for advanced geography majors and minors.
Seminar for senior geography majors graduating with distinction. Individualized and small-group mentoring and directed research.
Completion of an Honors Capstone Project under the supervision of a faculty member.
In-depth studies of selected topics.
Offered only in Santiago. Examines historical/intellectual/ material processes that transformed nature into natural resources to be exploited; ways global political process has guided global responses to environmental problems; Chilean environmental policy over the last 20 years.
Globalization, world economic processes, international development, and policy issues; emphasizing geographical perspectives.
Contemporary cities. Economic growth and decline. Social polarization. Construction of the built environment. Case studies from around the world.
Cities in western civilization through classical, medieval, mercantile, and industrial eras to 1945. Historical geographic meanings of urbanism; social construction of the built environment; and relationships between power, social justice, and urban spatial form.
Analysis of landscapes as legal and cultural constructs. Examples and theory include public space, zoning, gender, built environment, and urban development.
In-depth reading of Marx's Capital to understand: (a) the relationship between political economy and the geographical landscape; (b) the formative role of "Capital" in contemporary geographic theory.
Reading and special work.
Data types, collection techniques, and processing strategies in natural resource survey. Monitoring and environmental sciences. Basic concepts of GIS data structures and algorithms. Data quality issues. User requirements, management aspects, and implementation experience.
Exploration of a topic (to be determined) not covered by the standard curriculum but of interest to faculty and students in a particular semester.
Approaches to research, alternative philosophies, and research designs. Research procedures, information gathering. Collection of original data. Formulation of individual research topics.
Historical survey of development of Geography. Emphasis on 20th century: regionalism, positivism, humanism, Marxism, feminism, post-structuralism/post-colonialism
Workshop on academic writing for geographers. Students exposed to the techniques of scholarly writing and practices of creative nonfiction.
Critical analysis of international development and sustainability. Focuses on the complex political, economic, cultural, and ecological processes involved in development discourse and practice. Readings and case studies drawn from Latin America, Africa, and Asia.
Topics to be selected in conference with advisor for individual program of study and research.
This course provides an overview of qualitative methods in human geography. It examines the relationship between methodology, epistemology, and politics, compares different qualitative methods, and gives students hands-on experience with a range of methodological tools.
Critical geographical analyses of inter-connected and cross-scalar role of water in environment, society, politics and economy globally. Investigates various water-society relationships, water governance, policies, crises, struggles, controversies, conflicts, and water justice, in theory and practice. Additional work required of graduate students.
Critical examination, creative exploration, and application of quantitative methods in human geography. Creative use of quantitative geographic analysis on various social and environmental justice issues, covering various methods in spatial statistics, categorical data analysis, research design, and visualization. Additional work for graduate students.
Investigation of the roots of the Anthropocene as a concept and a geologic epoch; examination of human drivers of and interactions with global environmental change. Additional work required of graduate students.
Exploration of the environmental factors that influence the distribution of organisms. Emphasis is on plant distributions and dynamics, and consideration includes both natural and human factors. Additional work required of graduate students.
Comprehensive treatment of the geography of wildfire. Topics include fire behavior, approaches to firefighting, ecological and human impacts of wildfire, geographic and historical variation in fire regimes, and the impacts of climate change on wildfire. Additional work required of graduate students.
Participation in a discipline- or subject-related experience. Student must be evaluated by written or oral reports or an examination. Limited to those in good academic standing.
Survey of political geographic research on states, nations, territories, and their connection with geopolitical theories and the practice of foreign policy; focus on critical approach to applied geopolitical thinking.
Memories play a key role in shaping how individuals and communities narrate their identities. Memories are also geographical, embedded in specific places, spaces, and landscapes. This seminar examines how those geographies are made through a wide range of social, cultural, and political practices. Additional work required for graduate students.
This course introduces students to (i) concepts and methodologies of 3D GIS (Geographic Information System) analysis; (ii) typical applications of 3D analysis in urban design and planning; and (iii) basic interface and operations in ArcGIS pro. Additional work required for graduate students.
Explores the intersection of geography and public health, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze and visualize health phenomena. Introduces core GIS concepts and skills through case studies, hands-on lab exercises, and independent projects. Additional work required for graduate students.
Techniques and impacts of spatial storytelling from a geohumanities perspective. Ways of conceptualizing space, time, and realities. Study and practice with maps, texts, images, video, and other visualization techniques. Additional work required of graduate students.
Introduction to UAV operations, including FAA airspace, platforms and sensors; flight planning, data collection, image processing, and data analysis for geospatial mapping. Applications and societal impacts, including legal, safety, privacy, ethical issues. Additional work required of graduate students.
Introduction to map design that brings cartographic theory and graphic design principles into hands-on technical practice through self-directed mapping projects. Reflection on power and ethics throughout mapping processes. Additional work required of graduate students.
Principles and applications of modern remote sensing, with hands-on labs and project work to address real-world challenges. Emphasis on data acquisition, image processing and analyses, and emerging technologies including sensors, platforms, and GeoAI methods. Additional work required of graduate students.
Introductory GIS course emphasizing geospatial concepts, mapping, and analysis. Students develop skills in data collection, visualization, analysis, and interpretation using GIS software, applying them to real-world problems. Laboratory required. Additional work required of graduate students.
Intermediate GIS methods for the study of urban environments and systems. Emphasis on practical and applied uses of GIS, project management and spatial analysis. Laboratory exercises, case studies, and course projects use real world data. Additional work required of graduate students.
Introduces community-based and participatory research methods and participatory GIS, including origins, ethics and challenges. Examines how and why grassroots organizations use GIS and geospatial technologies. Students conduct local research projects. Additional work required of graduate students.
Descriptive and inferential statistics for use geo-referenced data, spatial autocorrelation, and geostatistics. Geographic examples. Weekly labs. Individualized advanced work and term project.
Statistical analysis of spatial patterns in environmental data. Exploratory data analysis; estimation, modeling, and interpretation of variograms; prediction using driging. Applications in engineering, geography, earth science and ecology. Use of geostatistical software.
Effects of geographic information technologies on governments, communities, and individuals. Mapping as an information industry, a political process, a surveillance technology, and a communication medium. Copyright, access, hazard management, national defense, public participation, and privacy.
Supervised internship in community-based and participatory action research. Students collaborate with community-based organizations to conduct geographic research on community issues. Students contribute to ongoing projects or introduce their own. Additional work required of graduate students. Permission to enroll required.
Exploration of a problem, or problems, in depth. Individual independent study upon a plan submitted by the student. Admission by consent of supervising instructor(s) and the department.
Exploration of a topic (to be determined) not covered by the standard curriculum but of interest to faculty and students in a particular semester. *
Review of theories of development, economic growth, and social change. Comparison of explanatory power and limits of each theory. Review of prospects for synthesis and implications for empirical research in geography and other social sciences.
Research seminar on contemporary problems in human and regional geography, emphasizing development and socio-economic issues.
Explores the complex relationships between capitalism and the natural environment. It covers both classical and contemporary debates within political economy and geography.
Advanced work in climatology, land forms, and other aspects of physical geography.
Social dimensions of climate change from geographical and historical perspectives. Influence of climate change on society, history of climate science, culture and climate, climate movements and climate justice.
Origins of field, key debates, research methods relating to the historical geography of humans and the environment.
Conceptual origins, theoretical influences, and current debates in political-economic and cultural aspects of nature-society relations. Topics include environmental social movements, theories of nature, environmental justice, environmental conflicts, gender and environment.
This course is a critical review of Gramsci's contribution to political, cultural, and geographic thought and the interpretation of his work by scholars and activists in the Global North and South.
Physical processes of sediment transport in the environment including fluid behavior, sediment properties, roughness of bed forms, resistance to flow, initiation of particle motion, bed-load transport, and relevant practical issues.
Using GIS tools to calculate spatial statistics, identify spatial patterns (local and global), and perform spatial modeling (GWR)
Introduction to selected foundational texts, research strategies, and disciplinary developments in geographic and social studies of food systems. Analyze historical and modern-day development of global and industrial agriculture and social movements for sustainable and socially just food.
The impact of the increasing hypermobility of capital and culture flows across borders on gender relations.
Examination of major currents in western cultural theory from the industrial revolution to the present, their development and transformation in light of advances in spatial theory.
Examination of contemporary debates in economic geography including the impact of the cultural and institutional turn. Also examines economic geography perspectives on globalization, labor, innovation, and restructuring. Permission of instructor.
Research seminar on current historiographic issues and archival methodologies in historical geography.
Research seminar devoted to topics of current interest in geospatial technology, cartographic communication, and the history of cartography in the twentieth-century.
Exploration of a topic (to be determined) not covered by the standard curriculum but of interest to faculty and students in a particular semester.
Seminar focused on themes in political geography, broadly related to topics of space, government, territory, citizenship, nationalism, geopolitics, and political geographic theory.
Research seminar on theoretical and empirical issues in urban geography.
Specialized research topics dealing with the application of demographic measurements to geographic problems.
The relationships between gender, space, and place. Topics include the gendered spaces of everyday life, identity and spatial metaphor, geographies of the body and the border, human migration, gender and the city.
Exploration of a topic (to be determined) not covered by the standard curriculum but of interest to faculty and students in a particular semester. *
Participation in a discipline- or subject-related experience. Student must be evaluated by written or oral reports or an examination. Limited to those in good academic standing. Permission, in advance, of assigned instructor, department chair, or dean.
Exploration of a problem, or problems, in depth. Individual independent study upon a plan submitted by the student. Admission by consent of supervising instructor(s) and the department.
Source: Syracuse University's catalog, linked per course · table learning_unit · CourseShelf publish 61
