BIOL

++BUAD 221 Principles of Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

3

Credits (max)

3

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Life Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *GEOL 302 Earth Science. . . . . . . . . 3

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

This course uses examples from recent news events as a means of introducing the nature of science and scientific inquiry and the role of science in society, culture, politics, and policy. This course meets for 7 weeks. Offered occasionally. Core: NS 166 – Course Descriptions

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Physiology I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Lecture and laboratory study of the cellular, histological, structural and functional aspects of human body systems. Homeostasis and regulatory principles are emphasized in illustrating normal physiological systems. Laboratory sessions utilize EKG, blood pressure, urine analysis, histology, models, and observation of cadavers to demonstrate anatomic and physiological concepts. BIOL 112 focuses on introductory cell structure and function, histology, osteology, muscle and neurologic system. High school advanced biology or BIOL 155 and high school chemistry or CHEM 105 or CHEM 155 are recommended as preparation for this course. Prerequisite: an annual safety training outside of class.

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026-2027

Source

emu.edu

A continuation of BIOL 112. Courses may be taken out of sequence only with instructor permission. Prerequisite: an annual safety training outside of class.

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Physiology II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Basic principles of normal human nutrition with emphasis on energy and the nutrients— their properties, sources, functions and dietary requirements. Current and controversial issues in nutrition are included. This course meets for 7 weeks. Core: NS

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Introductory course to biological science, with an emphasis on organism adaptations and life cycles (plant and animal, including human). The course also covers the philosophical and methodological foundations of biology, the scientific method, and an introduction to evolutionary biology. The course consists of lectures, interactive workshops, laboratory experiences, and discussions of current science news and issues. If students are taking BIOL 155 as preparation for BIOL 173 they must achieve a B or greater in this course. Prerequisite: an annual safety training outside of class. Core: NS

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

An examination of the biological and demographic aspects of the world food and population problems, including economic, political, ethical and theological contributions to the problems and solutions. Current international events that shape global food and population problems will also be addressed. This course is offered online through Lancaster; it is available to traditional students as well. Core: NS, CC

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

3

Credits (max)

3

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

and Diversity of Life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 *PXD 245 Environment and Society. . . 3 Core Courses: Integration *ENVS 328 Conservation Biology. . . . 3

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

BIOL 205 Intro to Microbiology (3) OR *BIOL 327 Advanced Microbiology (3)

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

4

Credits (max)

4

Type

course

Edition

2026-2027

Source

emu.edu

This recitation seminar is required for all first-year students enrolled in BIOL173 and recommended for second-year and transfer students. Small group work will include career exploration, examination of the primary literature, and tutorials and problem-based approaches to reinforce and refine concepts and skills developed in the BIOL173 lecture and lab.

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

*BIOL 242 Agroecology OR

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

3

Credits (max)

3

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Biology • 49

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

4

Credits (max)

4

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

*ENVS 181 Environmental Science. . . 3

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

4

Credits (max)

4

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

*BIOL 209 Medical Terminology (3)

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

3

Credits (max)

3

Type

course

Edition

2026-2027

Source

emu.edu

This course is designed to provide the medical language and nomenclature background for students who plan to enter health care professions. Study of the uses of prefixes, suffixes, and word roots to formulate words describing meaningful medical conditions is emphasized as well as learning their definitions, correct pronunciation, and spelling. Using major body systems as a guide, students will learn the basic anatomic and medical terms related to the muscular, skeletal, respiratory, circulatory, digestive, neurological, reproductive, and urinary systems. No prerequisite. Offered occasionally.

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

#BIOL 220 Science Professions Seminar (1)

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

4

Credits (max)

4

Type

course

Edition

2026-2027

Source

emu.edu

Experiential community learning in areas related to future vocation is coordinated with classroom instruction and reflection. Assigned shadowing or interactive experiences require 25-30 hours/ semester outside of class. Typical experiences may involve hospitals, biomedical organizations, clinics, health departments, or life science education. Prerequisite: satisfactory completion of at least two biology courses and instructor permission. Core: CL

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

In this course, experiential community learning related to future science vocations will be coordinated and integrated with classroom instruction and reflective writing based on readings and experiences. Typical experiences include formal conversations with biology and other STEM alumni, tours of regional biology- and chemistry-related businesses or laboratories, and presentations by STEM professionals. Working with our Career Services office, students will develop curricular and career plans and expand their understanding of possible vocations within STEM, including various academic, industrial, and public sector STEM industries. Recommended for second semester science majors and above. 168 – Course Descriptions

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 *BIOL 318 Sustainable Agriculture. . . 3 *BIOL 327 Advanced Microbiology . . 3 *BIOL 358 Natural History of the Shenandoah Valley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 *BIOL 378 Plant Ecophysiology . . . . . 4 *BIOL 388 Entomology . . . . . . . . . . . 3 *BIOL 458 Advanced Ecology. . . . . . . 4

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

4

Credits (max)

4

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Choose one lab course from this list:

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

4

Credits (max)

4

Type

course

Edition

2026-2027

Source

emu.edu

*BIOL 327 Advanced Microbiology (3) *BIOL 358 Natural History of the Shenandoah Valley (4) 88 – 2026-27 Undergraduate Programs of Study

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

4

Credits (max)

4

Type

course

Edition

2026-2027

Source

emu.edu

Choose five of the following courses: *BIOL 231 Crop Production. . . . . . . 4 *BIOL 242 Agroecology . . . . . . . . . . 4 *BIOL 252 Botany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 *BIOL 291 Introduction to Agricultural Animal Science . . . . 4 *BIOL 372 Plant Physiology . . . . . . . 4 *BIOL 381 Plant Pest Management . 4

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

3

Credits (max)

3

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

*BIOL 451/PSYC 451 Neuropsychology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

3

Credits (max)

3

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

*BIOL 327 Advanced Microbiology . . 3 *BIOL 337 Immunology. . . . . . . . . . . 3

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

4

Credits (max)

4

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

This course is intended for sophomores but may be taken during the second semester of the first year. It is designed to provide an overview of the fundamental and theoretical aspects of research as well as the nature of science. Students will learn to evaluate primary literature, how to assess and interpret data and how to develop hypotheses from that data. Students will learn how to design a research project to fill the gaps in the existing work and write a research proposal. Students will be evaluated on their interpretative skills as well as their scientific reading, writing, and oral presentations. This course meets for 7 weeks.

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Choose one from the following list: BIOCH/CHEM 479 Biochemistry/Chemistry Research (1-2)

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

2

Credits (max)

2

Type

course

Edition

2026-2027

Source

emu.edu

Function……...………………….. 4

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

2026-27 Undergraduate Programs of Study – 67

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

2

Credits (max)

2

Type

course

Edition

2026-2027

Source

emu.edu

Field study of lakes and other freshwater systems with applications to planning and management. Includes an introduction to limnology and investigation of representative lakes, streams, and wetlands of the region and compares the North American Great Lakes with the other great lakes of the world and their stewardship. Prerequisites: BIOL 171 and 232; CHEM 221 and 232. Summer session II

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

4

Credits (max)

4

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

*BIOL 378 Plant Ecophysiology . . . . . 3 *BIOL 388 Entomology . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

4

Credits (max)

4

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

This course provides students with an introduction to development and stem cell biology that emphasizes the molecular influences and cellular interactions involved in specification, differentiation and regeneration. Topics include: descriptive and experimental approaches in development, methodologies in stem cell research, embryonic and adult stem cells, stem cell cloning, cell reprogramming and cancer stem cells. Laboratory sessions will explore topics at the intersection of developmental biology and stem cells, and will use a variety of model organisms. A mini-research project is required. Prerequisite: an annual safety training outside of class and BIOL 112 or 173 or equivalent.

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Ecology, identification, systematics, culture and care of aquatic plants and animals, and adaptations to freshwater environments. Aquatic life is studied in lakes, ponds, bogs, marshes, and streams and in the laboratory. The course assesses human impacts on aquatic species and ecosystems, presents procedures for the stewardship of aquatic habitats, and introduces aquatic restoration ecology. Prerequisites: BIOL 171 and BIOL 232 or BIOL 252 and BIOL 262. Summer session I

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

4

Credits (max)

4

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

A comprehensive study of the field of microbiology, emphasizing the principles of medical microbiology and human symbioses. Included in the discussion will be additional focus on disease, treatment, emerging infectious diseases, biotechnology and global public health. Topics will be discussed using lectures, short lab periods, case studies and problem-based learning. Prerequisites: BIOL 240 and an annual safety training outside of class. (Fall 2026)

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026-2027

Source

emu.edu

An examination of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate recognition and response in the human immune system. Topics include innate immunity, antibody function, antigen presentation, gene rearrangements, T and B cell development and activation, and mechanisms of tolerance. Additional topics include immune reactions in allergies, HIV, and cancer. Prerequisite:

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026-2027

Source

emu.edu

An introduction to tropical agriculture and training of present and prospective workers with resource-poor farmers. Topics include tropical agriculture techniques, on-site practical work with tropical plants and animals, growing food under difficult conditions, and appropriate technologies. Utilizes ECHO’s fruit arboretum and the six settings of its Global Village: tropical rainforest, semi-arid, hillside farming, tropical lowlands, rooftop, and urban gardens. ENVST/BIOL/INT 353 Stewardship Praxis 3 Intensive interdisciplinary study of applied environmental stewardship through lectures, discussions, field trips, and hands-on projects. (May Session, Pacific Rim Campus). Contact the biology department for catalogs and more information about the Au Sable Institute of Environmental Studies.

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

4

Credits (max)

4

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

BIOCH/CHEM 355 Biochemistry/ Chemistry Research Seminar. . . . . . 2

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

2

Credits (max)

2

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

This course focuses on identification and understanding of the flora, fauna, and geology of the Shenandoah Valley. Students investigate general principles of natural history while simultaneously developing a sense of "place" in the local region. Laboratories rely heavily on field trips. (Fall 2023)

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Prerequisite

an annual safety training outside of class and BIOL 173 or permission of instructor.

This public health entomology course provides an overview of insect classification and biology with an emphasis on vectors that cause human disease and current methods being implemented around the globe to control vector borne disease transmission. Emphasis will be placed on the identification and basic biology (life cycle, reproduction, host-seeking behavior) of major insect vectors and pests as well as the transmission cycles of pathogens spread by major arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks. Vector-borne diseases of plants and animals as well as agricultural impacts of pest insects will also be covered. Laboratory work focuses on classification of insects to orders and common families, insect behavior and physiology, and experimental methodology used to evaluate control strategies. Prerequisite: BIOL 173. (Fall 2023)

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

This course involves the study and appreciation of plants in their natural environments. Emphasis is placed on species found in the mountains in and around Rockingham County. Topics include plant development, reproduction, identification, taxonomy, and community ecology. We also discuss how environmental factors affect plant growth, distribution, and assemblage into communities. The course will include several field trips. Prerequisites: BIOL 155, BIOL 173, or instructor approval. This course meets for 7 weeks. (Fall 2026)

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026-2027

Source

emu.edu

Practical experience in teaching of biology by working with a faculty member in a biology course. May include proctoring in self-paced courses, tutoring, assisting in the preparation and supervision of laboratories, or other teaching functions. A written self-evaluation is required. Prerequisite: consent of the instructor.

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

3

Credits (max)

3

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

This course teaches the bioinformatics skills used in academic and biotech laboratories for analyzing individual DNA and protein sequences. The focus is extensive hands-on experience using mainstream web-based bioinformatics tools. Laboratory based course that addresses biological questions by analyzing sequences, searching databases, using sophisticated software, and interpreting results. Prerequisites: BIOL 240. (Spring 2024)

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Agriculture Practicum. . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

This course serves as a practical application of biological principles and knowledge within a specific discipline of interest and as a way of gaining experience outside of EMU in an area of concentration. The internship will vary with a student’s particular interest but typically involves 170 – Course Descriptions

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Anatomical study of body systems using human cadaver materials. Histological studies are correlated with the above anatomical studies. Laboratory work includes dissection, osteology and microscopy. Prerequisite: an annual safety training outside of class and BIOL 215 or instructor permission. (BMC 612)

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

4

Credits (max)

4

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Research requirement (2 SH minimum):

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

4

Credits (max)

4

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Choose one field course from this list: *BIOL 358 Natural History of the Shenandoah Valley (4) *BIOL 368 Blue Ridge Botany (2) *ENVS 379 Techniques in Environmental Monitoring (1) *ENVS 385 Conservation Biology (4) *ENVS 465 Topics in Advanced Ecology (2) Select additional 300+ level coursework in BIOL or BIOCH to reach a total of 15 SH when added to the BIOL 235, lab course, and field course hours as listed above. Note: Foundational Biology Courses and Apprenticeship Experience hours may not count towards this 15 SH requirement. Choose two additional supporting science and math courses from this list: *CHEM 285 Environmental Chemistry (4)

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

4

Credits (max)

4

Type

course

Edition

2026-2027

Source

emu.edu

Survey of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, including loss of function studies and the function of sensory receptors and hormones. Emphasis is placed on the role of general neurophysiological principles that affect human behavior. (PSYC 451) (Spring 2024) Core: NS

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Biology elective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In addition, the biology major includes CHEM 221, CHEM 232 and at least one semester each of the following: organic chemistry, physics and calculus. The elective requirement may be satisfied by any course with a BIOL or a BIOCH designation, or NUTR 241 Nutrition Fundamentals.

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

1

Credits (max)

3

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Biology elective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In addition, the biology major includes CHEM 223, CHEM 224 and at least one semester each of the following: organic chemistry, physics and calculus. The elective requirement may be satis- fied by any course with a BIOL, BIOCH, or ENVS designation. Enrollment in upper-level biology, bio- chemistry, chemistry and environmental science courses (BIOL, BIOCH, CHEM, ENVS 300s and 400s) requires a mini- mum cumulative GPA of 2.0 in all sci- ence and math courses (BIOL, BIOCH, CHEM, ENVS, MATH, PHYS). Students who fail to earn a C- in any coursework required for their major should promptly schedule a meeting with their advisor.

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

2

Credits (max)

2

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

This course explores the interdisciplinary field of neuroscience with an emphasis on the biology of the nervous system. It includes the structure of the nervous system, how neurons communicate electrically and chemically, pharmacological agents, and sensory and motor systems. Prerequisites: an annual safety training outside of class and BIOL 112 or BIOL 173. (Spring 2027)

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026-2027

Source

emu.edu

completing an NSF REU (Research Experiences for Undergraduates) program (no credit hours received) internship or practicum style experience Biology, Mathematics and Physics Courses (24-26 SH)

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

1

Credits (max)

2

Type

course

Edition

2026-2027

Source

emu.edu

Careers in Biology include medical technologist, physician, dentist, physical therapist, environmental consultant, genetic counselor, veterinarian, biotech- nologist, epidemiologist, pathologist, wildlife biologist, international agriculture consultant, immunologist, and middle or high school teacher.

Subject

BIOL

Credits (min)

2

Credits (max)

2

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Explores the relationship between science and Christian faith by investigating the philosophical foundations of science and their interactions with theology. Issues such as the evolutionary basis for morality, chance and complexity, human nature, environmental ethics, and bioethics are examined. A "worldview" reflective paper is required. Restricted to students majoring in the biology/chemistry programs or by instructor permission. Core: WI Course Descriptions - 171

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu

Explores the relationship between science, faith, and the major frameworks of philosophical ethics. Topics such as global and human origins, chance and complexity, human nature, mind, health and healing, environmental and medical ethics are examined and viewed through the lenses of theology and natural science.

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026-2027

Source

emu.edu

Subject

BIOL

Type

course

Edition

2026

Source

emu.edu