Radford University · Courses

BIOL

76 courses with the subject BIOL, each shown exactly as we captured it from the college's catalog, with every element we hold. Where the wording looks broken, that is our reading of the catalog, not the college's text.

BIOL 103Environmental Biology (GE)4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 104Human Biology (GE)4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 105

Subject: BIOL
Type: alias
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 106Biology for Health Sciences (GE)3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 106LBiology for Health Science Majors Laboratory1

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 1
Credits (max): 1
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Corequisite: BIOL 106 . This course compliments Biology for Health Sciences Majors lecture course (BIOL 105) and should be taken by non-biology majors who will take upper-level health-focused biology courses and whose programs of study require laboratory experience as well as lecuture content. An introduction to the basic processes of life and science via laboratory study, introducing scientific processes and techniques for studying the biology organisms including humans. Cornerstone “”

BIOL 111Integrative Biology I (GE)4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 112Integrative Biology II (GE)4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 111 . Teach students to more deeply explore integrative biological questions and concepts, engage in discussions with knowledgeable peers, and explore a range of topics around a broad, central theme. REAL Area R

BIOL 160Introductory Seminar in Biology2

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 2
Credits (max): 2
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: Declared Biology major and freshman standing. Designed for students new to the Biology major, this is a seminar course that will discuss various professional skills needed to succeed in the major. Topics may include: introduction to scientific literature, discussions of career options, and expectations for biology majors.

BIOL 181Special Topics in Introductory Biology1-4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 1
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. An experimental course testing alternate pedagogies in introductory biology teaching. A course outline will be available each time the course is offered. Interested students should consult department chairperson for information about registering. Cornerstone

BIOL 214Sustainable Gardening4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 215Plants and Society4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 216General Zoology4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 103 , BIOL 229 , or BIOL 111 . Introduces classification, nomenclature, structure, function, development and evolution of the nonphotosynthetic protistans and the major animal phyla.

BIOL 217Flora of Virginia4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in 4 hours of biology. A lecture and field/laboratory course focusing on identification and classification of trees, shrubs, and wildflowers of eastern North America. Emphasis on the use of dichotomous keys to identify native and naturalized plant species, distinguishing characteristic of major temperate plant families, and common ecological communities and habitats of Virginia. This course is suitable for both biology majors and non-majors.

BIOL 222Evolution3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 111 . Introduction to modern hypotheses on the mechanisms of genetic change in populations, speciation, origins of higher taxa, causes of extinctions, and modern approaches to classification. Concepts will be applied to human evolution and conservation.

BIOL 229Ecology (GE)4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 230Cell Biology (GE)4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 231Genetics4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 230 ; or a grade of C” or better in BIOL 111 . An introduction to the basic principles of genetics, and molecular biological techniques. Topics include DNA and genomic structure, gene expression, mutation, and genetic data analysis. Laboratory experiments and projects apply course concepts and scientific methodology to biological research questions. REAL Area L

BIOL 232Organismal Biology4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 245Museum Techniques3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: BIOL 111 , BIOL 112 , and permission of instructor. ( BIOL 112 may be taken as a
Corequisite: BIOL 112 may be taken as a

BIOL 300Pathophysiology3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: BIOL 311 or BIOL 351 ; BIOL 334 or BIOL 408 . Provides the student with conceptual and theoretical information applicable to pathological conditions resultant in disordered physiology. Mechanisms of production of signs and symptoms of different disease syndromes will be discussed. A body systems approach will be used to present the mechanisms underlying the disease, and the clinical manifestations exhibited.

BIOL 301Bioethics2

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 2
Credits (max): 2
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 229 , BIOL 132 , BIOL 231 , and BIOL 232; or a grade of “C” or better in BIOL 111 , BIOL 112 , and BIOL 222 . Examines the historical, social, cultural, and philosophical bases of various bioethical controversies. Students will analyze the assumptions underlying positions, the arguments presented in defense of these positions and the possibility of resolving conflicts that arise over the issues involved.

BIOL 305Introduction to Scientific Literature2

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 2
Credits (max): 2
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 309Physiological Foundations Pharmacology3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: BIOL 212 or ; BIOL 334 . Addresses the physiological mechanisms of pharmacology, including concepts in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug development, safety, selection, and monitoring for safety issues. Drug classifications, appropriate uses, and applications are discussed.

BIOL 310Human Anatomy and Physiology I (GE)4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: BIOL 106 or CHEM 111 or CHEM 120 . Focuses on the anatomy of the human body and the physiology of the organ systems, including mechanisms used to maintain homeostasis. BIOL 310 and BIOL 311 are designed as an introductory Anatomy and Physiology course sequence for any student interested in understanding the structure and function of the human body, and to meet the needs of students preparing for careers in human performance, recreation, allied health, nursing, medicine, and veterinary medicine. This course sequence is open to students from all majors. REAL Area R

BIOL 311Human Anatomy and Physiology II (GE)4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: BIOL 310 . Focuses on the anatomy of the human body and the physiology of the organ systems, including mechanisms used to maintain homeostasis. BIOL 310 and 311 are designed as an introductory Anatomy and Physiology course sequence for any student interested in understanding the structure and function of the human body, and to meet the needs of students preparing for careers in human performance, recreation, allied health, nursing, medicine, and veterinary medicine. This course sequence is open to students from all majors. REAL Area R

BIOL 320Cellular Biochemistry3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 330Primatology3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 131; or a grade of “C” or better in BIOL 111 and BIOL 112 ; or ANSC 101 and ANSC 201; or permission of instructor. Cross-Listed: ANSC 330 A survey of both living and past primates as unique members of the animal kingdom. It includes discussions of general primate characteristics, taxonomy of living primates, primate behavior and primate (including human) evolution.

BIOL 333Population and Community Ecology4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 229 , BIOL 132 , BIOL 231 , and BIOL 232 and either STAT 219 or STAT 200 ( STAT 219 or STAT 200 may be taken concurrently) This course studies the distribution and abundance of species, and how populations interact with each other and their environment. Investigations will encompass a broad diversity of organisms from all parts of the world. Laboratory exercises will study local species interactions, with a strong emphasis on field work. REAL Area R

BIOL 334Microbiology3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A cumulative GPA of 2.75 or higher and a grade of “C” or better in CHEM 120 or CHEM 111 . Fundamentals of microbiology including the morphology and taxonomy of the major groups of microorganisms, including viruses. Discussions of the growth, cultivation, reproduction, effects of physical and chemical agents and transmission of disease. REAL Area R

BIOL 334LMicrobiology Lab1

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 1
Credits (max): 1
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Corequisite: BIOL 334 This course provides hands-on laboratory experience in microbiology, emphasizing the development of practical laboratory skills and scientific reasoning. Students engage in experimental investigations that reinforce core microbiological concepts and apply laboratory methods to real-world biological questions. The course is designed to support students preparing for advanced study or careers requiring laboratory competency in the biological sciences.

BIOL 340Science in Culture and Society (GE)3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 350Comparative Anatomy4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 111 , BIOL 112 , and BIOL 222 . A survey of animal form and function, with a focus on the anatomical study and dissection of representative chordates. Laboratory will illustrate and expand on lecture concepts through hands-on dissections.

BIOL 351Comparative Animal Physiology4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 229 , BIOL 132 , BIOL 231 , and BIOL 232; or a grade of “C” or better in BIOL 111 , BIOL 112 , and BIOL 222 . A comparative approach to animal physiology: physical and chemical properties of animal systems, respiration, circulation, osmoregulation, neural and endocrine functions. Emphasis on homeostatic mechanisms. REAL Area L

BIOL 353Comparative Behavior3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 229 , BIOL 132 , BIOL 231 , and BIOL 232 ; or a grade of “C” or better in BIOL 111 , BIOL 112 , and BIOL 222 . Cross-Listed: PSYC 353 Study of animal behavior from viewpoints of zoology, ethology and comparative psychology. Topics may include, but are not limited to, animal sensory capacities, motor capabilities and coordinating mechanisms; classification of behavioral traits; analysis of instinctive behavior, learned behavior, social behavior, animal communications and evolutionary significance of social organization.

BIOL 361Parasitology4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 229 , BIOL 132 , BIOL 231 , and BIOL 232 ; or a grade of “C” or better in BIOL 111 , BIOL 112 , BIOL 222 and BIOL 230 . Studies of the anatomy, systematics, ecology and life cycles of the major parasitic groups. REAL Area R

BIOL 365Integration of Science Foundations3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: BIOL 132 , BIOL 231 , BIOL 471 , and PSYC 121 .

BIOL 375Medical Entomology3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 380Ornithology4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in eight credits of Biology or permission of instructor. Offered as an integrated lecture and laboratory/field study emphasizing the evolution, anatomy, physiology, identification, behavior, and ecology of birds. At least one weekend field trip will be scheduled.

BIOL 383Molecular Forensic Biology4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 390Conservation Biology3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 229 , BIOL 132 , BIOL 231 , and BIOL 232 ; or BIOL 111 , BIOL 112 , and BIOL 222 ; or BIOL 106 and at least one of the following: GEOS 241 , GEOS 335 , or GEOG 305 . Examines the importance of biodiversity to the global environment. Students will gain an appreciation of the complexity of biotic communities associated with important ecosystems and will examine man’s role in influencing these communities. Current controversies regarding species preservation will be explored through readings and discussion. REAL Area R

BIOL 392Environmental Toxicology4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better on all courses in either of the following sequences: BIOL 229 , BIOL 132 , BIOL 231 , and BIOL 232; or BIOL 111 , BIOL 112 , and BIOL 222 . Designed to provide Biology majors with an understanding of important pollution problems facing society, and to provide the student with practical experience in environmental sampling and analysis. REAL Area L

BIOL 405Histology4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in at least 4 hours of anatomy and/or physiology courses BIOL 310 , BIOL 311 , BIOL 322 , BIOL 351 , BIOL 410 , or BIOL 411 . An introduction to components, arrangements and adaptations of vertebrate animal tissues. Taught from a comparative perspective, but with special emphasis on mammalian tissues and mammalian organ systems.

BIOL 407Microbial Ecology4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 408Principles of Microbiology4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 409Virology4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in either of the following sequences: BIOL 229 , BIOL 132 , BIOL 231 , and BIOL 232 ; or BIOL 111 , BIOL 112 , and BIOL 222 . An introduction to viruses, with emphasis on pathogens of humans. Topics include viral replication cycles, host-virus interactions, evolution, transmission, non-viral agents, and medically and agriculturally important viruses. Emphasis will be placed on reading, presenting, and discussing primary literature. The laboratory will demonstrate handling, propagation, diagnosis, and evolution of viruses.

BIOL 412Immunology3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 132 and BIOL 231 ; or a grade of “C” or better in BIOL 111, BIOL 112 , and BIOL 230 . Provides an introduction to the science of immunology by focusing on the tissues, cells, and the mechanisms involved in the normal immune response. Emphasis is on the mechanisms of B and T cell sensitization and cellular specialization of immune cells. Active and passive immunities of the human system are considered in detail.

BIOL 414Advanced Human Anatomy4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 418Fire Ecology3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 419Introduction to Bioinformatics3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 424Human Evolution3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 425Advanced Evolution3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 111 , BIOL 112 , and BIOL 222 ; or a grade of “C” or better in BIOL 229 , BIOL 132 , BIOL 231 , and BIOL 232 . Advanced exploration and application of modern hypotheses on the mechanisms of genetic change in populations, speciation, extinction, and modern approaches to classification. Concepts will be applied to a discussion of human evolution, extinct species, and conservation.

BIOL 430Genes and Development3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 229 , BIOL 132 , BIOL 231 , and BIOL 232 ; or permission of instructor. An introduction to the molecular, physiological, and morphological events of developmental systems with emphasis on vertebrates. Emphasis will be placed on gene regulation during gametogenesis, fertilization, early development, organogenesis, and cellular differentiation.

BIOL 432The Cell4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 132 , BIOL 231 , and CHEM 112 ; or a grade of “C” or better in BIOL 111 , BIOL 112 , BIOL 230 , and CHEM 112 . Structure and function of eukaryotic cells, with emphasis on cell reproduction, survival, signaling, and cooperation in multicellular organisms. Readings will include the primary literature of cell biology. The laboratory will introduce basic methods in cell biology.

BIOL 433Cancer Biology3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 229 , BIOL 132 , BIOL 231 , BIOL 232 , and CHEM 112 ; or a grade of “C” or better in BIOL 111 , BIOL 112 , BIOL 230 , and CHEM 112 . The course focuses on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that lead to cancer, including the role of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, signal transduction pathways, DNA repair, angiogenesis, and metastasis in tumor progression. Identification of risk factors for cancer, and developments in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics will also be discussed.

BIOL 434Evolutionary Development Biology3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 450Molecular Biology4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 229 , BIOL 132 , BIOL 231 , BIOL 232 , and CHEM 112 ; or a grade of “C” or better in BIOL 111 , BIOL 112 , BIOL 230 , and CHEM 112 . Covers the structure and function of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the flow of information from DNA to ribonucleic acid (RNA) to protein, and the regulation of gene function in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Laboratories will focus on the techniques and application of recombinant DNA technology, including cloning and DNA fingerprinting. REAL Area L

BIOL 460Advanced Seminar in Biology2

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 2
Credits (max): 2
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: Twenty-eight credit hours of Biology courses. Explores various biological topics with a focus on critical and analytical reading of primary biological literature sources and developing and using scientific communication skills.

BIOL 462Invertebrate Zoology4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 229 , BIOL 132 , BIOL 231 , and BIOL 232 ; or a grade of “C” or better in BIOL 111 , BIOL 112 , and BIOL 222 . Survey of the structure, function and relationships of members of the major groups of invertebrate animals. Laboratory studies will include experience in identification techniques as well as traditional investigation of comparative anatomy. Some field studies included.

BIOL 464Vertebrate Zoology4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 229 , BIOL 132 , BIOL 231 , and BIOL 232 ; or a grade of “C” or better in in BIOL 111 and BIOL 112 ; or permission of instructor. An introduction to vertebrate zoology including an examination of origin; class characteristics; evolution; and adaptations of body form, locomotion, feeding, protective, spacing, social, reproductive, activity cycles and special adaptations for various types of habitats. Emphasis on collection, preservation and identification of vertebrates.

BIOL 471Biochemistry I3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: BIOL 106 - Biology for Health Sciences (GE) BIOL 106 , BIOL 111 , BIOL 229 , or BIOL 132 ; and CHEM 112 ; and CHEM 301 . Cross-Listed: CHEM 471 Introduces students to the fundamental building blocks of biomolecules, biopolymers, membranes, supramolecular structure, enzyme kinetics and mechanisms, biological equilibria and thermodynamics, and cellular metabolism. REAL Area L

BIOL 472Biochemistry II3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: BIOL 471 or CHEM 471 . Cross-Listed: CHEM 472 This course will introduce students to bioenergetics and cellular metabolism, with a particular focus on human metabolism.

BIOL 474Biochemistry Laboratory1

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 1
Credits (max): 1
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Corequisite: CHEM 471 or BIOL 471 . Cross-Listed: CHEM 474 Experience in isolating and determining properties of biochemical materials using important techniques of biochemical analysis.

BIOL 475Biochemistry Laboratory II1

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 1
Credits (max): 1
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Corequisite: BIOL 472 or CHEM 472 . The material covered in this laboratory component of the course will support and compliment the lecture material. The laboratory students will be expected to conduct biochemical procedures, collect and interpret data.

BIOL 476Forest and Wetland Ecology4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 477Comparative Neuroscience4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 478Endocrinology4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 4
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 479Medical Physiology3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 481Special Topics in Biology1-8

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 1
Credits (max): 8
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in BIOL 229 , BIOL 132 , BIOL 231 , and BIOL 232 ; or a grade of “C” or better in BIOL 111 , BIOL 112 , and BIOL 222 . Course outline available each time course offered. Interested students should consult department chairperson for information about registering.

BIOL 488Final Honors Project3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: Enrollment in the Honors Academy, completion of all other Honors Academy requirements, a 3.5 GPA in all courses and in biology. See “Honors Academy.” In order to receive honors credit, a student must earn a grade of “A” or “B” for the final project.

BIOL 489Field Biology2-4

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 2
Credits (max): 4
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Repeatable: may be repeated for credit with instructor’s permission.
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Course will involve domestic or international travel to a location of biological interest where the students will engage in field research under the direction of Biology faculty.

BIOL 491Directed Study and Research1-6

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 1
Credits (max): 6
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in 8 credits in Biology, permission of instructor, approval by the Biology Department Chair and a minimum GPA of 2.5 in Biology courses. An introduction to research or other forms of scholarly study in biology under the close supervision of a faculty mentor.

BIOL 492Undergraduate Research1-6

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 1
Credits (max): 6
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 493Apprentice Teaching1-2

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 1
Credits (max): 2
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: Permission of Instructor and Department Chair Students taking this course will learn about teaching Biology by assisting a professor in teaching a course in the Biology curriculum.

BIOL 495Internship in Biology1-6

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 1
Credits (max): 6
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: A grade of “C” or better in 16 credit hours of Biology or other laboratory science, 2.5 or higher GPA in Biology courses, and permission of the department chair. Application of skills and concepts learned in the classroom and laboratory in a real world situations through full- or part-time placement in a professional setting with a company, organization, or research faculty doing work in some area of biology. Students will be supervised by both the internship site personnel and by a biology faculty member.

BIOL 641Human Genetics and Genomics for the Health Care Professional3

Subject: BIOL
Credits (min): 3
Credits (max): 3
Credit unit: Credits
Type: course
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu

BIOL 698Directed Study

Variable credit, (1-4)

Subject: BIOL
Type: course
Repeatable: May be repeated for a maximum of six hours of credit to count toward the degree.
Edition: 2026-2027
Catalog: 2026-2027 University Academic Catalog
Source: catalog.radford.edu
Prerequisite: Approval for directed study. An opportunity to pursue research or other advanced scholarly study in biology. Hours and credit to be arranged in consultation with the faculty member with whom the student will work on the directed study.

Source: Radford University's catalog, linked per course · table learning_unit · CourseShelf publish 59